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Sports sci > Muscle Anatomy > Flashcards

Muscle Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the different fibre arrangements?

A
  1. circular
  2. convergent
  3. parallel
  4. unipennate
  5. multipennate
  6. fusiform
  7. bipennate
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1
Q

What is the average total muscle mass in adult females?

A

13-30kg

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2
Q

What is the average total muscle mass in males?

A

18-40kg

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3
Q

What connects muscle to bone?

A

Tendons

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4
Q

What tissue encloses the muscle?

A

Epimysium

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5
Q

What is the name for groups of muscle fibres?

A

Muscle fasciles

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6
Q

What tissue surrounds muscle fascicles

A

perimysium

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7
Q

What tissue enclosed each muscle fibre?

A

endomysium

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8
Q

What structures link the muscle fibres to the endomysium?

A

Focal adhesions

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10
Q

What are myofibrils?

A

Bundles of myofilaments that make up the muscle fibre

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10
Q

What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

A network of tubes that surrounds the myofibrils

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11
Q

What are thick filaments made from?

A

Myosin

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12
Q

What are thin filaments made from?

A

actin, tropomyosin and troponin complex

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13
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

Repeating units of myofibrils

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14
Q

What marks the boundary of each sarcomere

A

Z lines.

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15
Q

What is the role of titin in the sarcomere

A

Acts as a spring, attaching to the M band

16
Q

How many types of muscle contraction are there, and what are they

A

Three types: concentric, isometric, and eccentric

17
Q

What type of chains make up myosin?

A

2 heavy chains and an essential and regulatory light chain per heavy chain

18
Q

What is the role of nebulin in muscle contraction?

A

acts as a ruler to measure contraction length

19
Q

What is the force-velocity relationship in muscle contraction?

A

As force increases velocity decreases and vice versa

20
Q

How is ca2+ released for use in muscle contraction?

A

Contraction of fibres is triggered by an action potential from motor neurons
opens ca2+ release channel opens and ca2+ ions are released into sarcolemma from reticulum
Ca2+ binds to myosin binding sites = allows binding to actin

21
Q

What is the neuromuscular junction?

A

Where alpha motor neurons bind to muscle fibres

22
Q

What is the relationship between action potentials and contractile force?

A

As action potentials increase infrequency contractile force increases until maximum tension reached

23
Q

What are the types of muscle fibres?

A

Type 1
Type 2a
type 2x

24
Q

What influences what type of fibre each muscle fibre will be

A
  1. myosin isoforms
  2. metabolic profile
25
Q

How does different myosin isoforms influence behaviour of muscle fibre types

A

Affects ATPase activity and fibre shortening velocity

26
Q

How does the metabolic profile of the different fibre types differ?

A

Type 1 contain more mitochondria
Type 2 contain more glycolytic enzymes

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