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Sports sci > Lecture 1 - Muscle 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Muscle 1 Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

Define: Epimysium

A

tissue that encloses muscles

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1
Q

Define: Endomysium

A

tissue that encloses muscle fibres

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2
Q

What is the name for the tissue that encloses the muscle fibre

A

Endomysium

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3
Q

What is the name for the tissue that encloses the muscle

A

Epimysium

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4
Q

Define: Perimysium

A

tissue that encloses muscle fascicles

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5
Q

What is the name of the tissue that encloses muscle fascicles

A

Perimysium

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6
Q

What is the anatomical hierarchy in the muscle

A
  1. Muscle
  2. Muscle fascicle
  3. Muscle fibre
  4. Myofibrils
  5. Sarcomeres
  6. Myosin and actin
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7
Q

Define: focal adhesions

A

connect muscle fibres to endomysium for muscle contraction

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8
Q

What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament

A

Tendon = connect muscle to bone
Ligament = connect bone to bone

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9
Q

Define: muscle fascicle

A

groups of muscle fibres

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10
Q

Define: myofibrils

A

bundles of myofilaments that make up the muscle fibre

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11
Q

Define: sarcolemma

A

covers muscle fibres

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12
Q

Define: sarcomere

A

individual units that make up a myofibril

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13
Q

Define: sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

a network of tubes that surround the myofibrils

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14
Q

What proteins make up thick filaments

A

Myosin and myosin binding proteins

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15
Q

What proteins make up thin filaments

A

actin, tropomyosin, and troponin complex (TN-T, TN-I, TN-C)

16
Q

What is the structure of thin filaments

A

made from two helical strands of fibrous actin (made from globular actin) and two coiled strands of tropomyosin with troponin complex

17
Q

What do the troponin subunits do

A

TN-T binds to tropomyosin
TN-I inhibits myosin interaction
TN-C binds to Ca2+

18
Q

What is the structure of myosin

A

2 x myosin heavy chains (MyHC)
1 x essential myosin light chain (MLC) on each MyHC
1 x regulatory myosin light chain (MLC) on each MyHC

19
Q

What is the role of titin in the sarcomere

A

acts as a spring, attaches to M band

20
Q

What is the role of nebulin in the sarcomere

A

acts as a ‘ruler’ to measure thin filament lengthening

21
Q

What is the force velocity relationship

A

As force increases contraction decreases and vice versa

22
Q

What type of muscle contraction generates the most force

A

Eccentric

23
Q

What is excitation-contraction coupling?

A

Fibre contraction is triggered by an action potential from motor neurons

24
Q

What are the stages in ECC

A
  1. action potential from motor neuron
  2. opens Ca2+ releases channel and ca2+ ions move into sarcolemma
  3. Ca2+ binds to myosin binding sites
  4. Triggers myosin to bind to actin
25
Q

What is the cross bridge cycle

A

The stages of myosin and actin binding to create a muscle contraction

26
Q

What is the power stroke in CBC

A

When actin filaments are pulled into the centre of the sarcomere

27
Q

Applied physiology: why does eccentric contraction generate more force than concentric?

A

Eccentric = muscle lengthening
- involves all stages of the CBC
Concentric = muscle shortening
- only involves the power stroke

28
Q

What is the first stage in the cross bridge cycle

A
  1. atp hydrolysis increases affinity of myosin for actin
29
Q

What is the second stage in the cross bridge cycle

A
  1. after ca2+ release myosin binds to actin
    the separation of Pi from ADP pulls the actin filaments 5-10nm into the centre of the sarcomere (the power stroke) and binds to new location (strong binding)
30
Q

What is the third stage in the cross bridge cycle

A
  1. atp binding to myosin decreased affinity to actin
31
Q

What is the fourth stage in the cross bridge cycle

A
  1. myosin separates from actin, atp is hydrolysed

Sports sci (12 decks)

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