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MIcroanatomy > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle cells are also known as

A

Myocytes and myofibers

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2
Q

Muscle cells are what shape and originate from

A

spindle shaped

Mesoderm

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3
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Cytoplasm of muscle cells that contain glycogen and myoglobin

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4
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane of muscle cells

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5
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Highly specialized Smooth ER of a muscle cell

Regulates Ca flow

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6
Q

Cardiac muscle cells are arranged in

A

Fibers

are tubular branching

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7
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Fusiform

spindle shaped

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8
Q

What type of muscle have striations

A

Cardiac and skeletal

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9
Q

What type of muscle makes up to 50% of body weight

A

Skeletal muscle

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10
Q

Myocytes of skeletal muscle contain what

A

Multiple and peripherally located muscles

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11
Q

Striations of myocytes in skeletal muscles are seen when cut in how

A

Longitudinal section

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12
Q

Skeletal muscle contracts

A

Fast

Voluntary

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13
Q

Where are the skeletal muscles (4)

A

Voluntary sphincter in GIT and urinary system
Muscles in esophagus
Tongue

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14
Q

Development of skeletal muscle

A

Mesenchymal cells align and fuse together forming multinucleated tubes called myotubules
Myotubules differentiate forming functional myofilaments and the nuclei are displaced against PM

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15
Q

What are satellite cells

A

In the development of skeletal muscles cells, some cells do not differentiate and remain as mesenchymal cells, they function in muscle repair

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16
Q

What surrounds a skeletal muscle

A

Irregular CT called perimysium

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17
Q

In the skeletal muscle, a whole muscle cell can be made up to many smaller bundles known as and are surrounded by

A

Fascicles

Perimysium

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18
Q

Myofibers contain cylindrical bundles of? which in turn contain many smaller bundles of

A

Myofibrils

Myofilaments

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19
Q

Myofibers

A

Cylindrical multinucleated cells

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20
Q

What is the contractile element in skeletal muscles

A

Myofibrils

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21
Q

Myofibrils are composed of

A

Repeating sections of myofilaments known as thin and thick myofilaments

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22
Q

Thick filaments

A

Myosin

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23
Q

Thin filaments

A

Actin

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24
Q

What is the contractile or functional unit of a myocyte

A

Sarcomere

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25
Q

Which band is darker and contains the thick and thin myofilament overlapping

A

A band

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26
Q

A band is composed of

A

Myosin

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27
Q

I band is? and composed of

A

Pale

Actin filaments

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28
Q

Striations are due to the presence of what type of myofilaments

A

A: Dark
I: Pale

29
Q

Each band is bisected by a protein disc known as

A

Z line

30
Q

T or F

During contraction of skeletal muscle, the actin filaments slide under the myosin filaments which elongates the I band

A

False

Slide over and shortens the I band

31
Q

What other proteins hold actin and myosin in position in myofibril (3)

A

Desmin
Tropomyosin
Troponin

32
Q

Thin filament has (4)

A

G actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin
Actin monomers

33
Q

Muscle contraction (5)

A

Ca binds to troponin C
Conformational change in tropomyosin exposes the myosin binding site on ACTIN
Myosin heads bind to actin (ATP turns into ADP which moves the myosin head)
Bound thin filaments slide over thick filaments
Shortening of entire muscle fiber

34
Q

T or F

ATP is the main character in movement of myosin heads

A

FALSE

ADP

35
Q

What are t tubules

A

Deep invagination of sarcolemma only found in skeletal and cardiac muscles

36
Q

T or F

T tubules are not present in smooth muscle cells

A

TRUE

37
Q

What do t tubules do

A

Allow depolarization of membrane to quickly penetrate to the interior of the cell allowing Ca release from sarcoplasmic reticulum

38
Q

Who stores and releases Ca ions to initiate contraction

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

39
Q

Type 1 skeletal muscle is also known as

A

Red muscle

40
Q

Type one skeletal muscle are rich in

A

Myoglobin that’s why they are darker

41
Q

T or F

Type 1 skeletal muscle have a fast twitch

A

FALSE

SLOW

42
Q

Examples of type 1 skeletal muscles

A

Postural muscles of mammals and pectoral muscles of migrating birds

43
Q

Type 2 skeletal muscle are also known as

A

WHITE

44
Q

T or F

Type 2 muscle cells have fast twitch

A

TRUE

45
Q

What can you say about the nucleus in cardiac cells

A

Single cell with central nuclei

46
Q

Where are the intercalated discs present

A

In cardiac muscle cells

47
Q

T or F

Cardiac muscle doesn’t have SR

A

False

48
Q

What are the intercalated discs for

A

To attach cardiac muscle cells together so they function as a syncytium

49
Q

Intercalated discs consist of (2)

A

Transverse and longitudinal elements

50
Q

Transverse elements of intercalated discs (3)

A

Anchor
Desmosome
Serve as strong attachment

51
Q

Longitudinal elements of cardiac muscle (3)

A

Communication
Gap junctions
Propagate electric impulse

52
Q

Conductile cardiac muscle cells are

A

Purkinje fibers (pale pink)

53
Q

Purkinje cells

A

Neuronal cell bodies in middle layer of cerebral cortex

Characterized by a large, globose body and massive, branching dendrites but a single slender axon

54
Q

Nuclei in smooth muscle

A

Single centrally

55
Q

T or F

There are more striations and myofibrils in smooth muscle than skeletal muscle

A

False

There are no striations in smooth muscle nor myofibrils

56
Q

What are the anchor for myofilaments in the smooth muscle

A

Dense bodies

57
Q

Contraction in smooth muscle

A

Involuntary

58
Q

Single smooth muscle is found where

A

Visceral organs

59
Q

Where is the multiunit smooth muscle found

A

Iris of eye

60
Q

Contraction of Multiunit sm.

A

Precise with individual innervations

61
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wave-like contractions

62
Q

Vascular dynamics

A

Contraction alters blood flow and important in blood pressure

63
Q

Propulsion is in

A

Urinary bladder and uterus

64
Q

Functions of the Smooth muscle cells

A

Peristalsis
Vascular dynamics
Propulsion
Secretion

65
Q

Tunica muscularis is

A

wall of luminal organs

66
Q

Myoepithelial cells are found as

A

Basket like cells

67
Q

Location of myoepithelial cells

A

Salivary, mammary and lacrimal glands

Enclose clusters of glandular cells

68
Q

What type of muscle lacks the ability to regenerate

A

Cardiac muscle

69
Q

In a muscle type, repair is completed by

A

Scar formation

MIcroanatomy (4 decks)

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