Female Reproductive System Flashcards
Members of the female reproductive system (5)
Ovaries Uterus Cervix Vagina External Genitalia (Vestibule and vulva)
Exocrine function of the FRS
Production of the female gametes
Endocrine function of the FRS
Production of sex hormones
Functions of the FRS (6)
Endocrine function
Exocrine function
Reception of male gametes
Provision of a suitable environment for fertilization
Provision of a suitable environment for fetal development
Nutrition of newborn
Ovaries produce (2)
Female gametes and sex hormones
The cortex of the ovaries are
Broad peripheral zone containing follicles in various stages of development
What part of the ovaries contain CT, nerves, blood and lymph vessels
Medulla
The cortex of the ovaries are lined with
low CUBOIDAL epithelium
where is the Tunica albuginea in the cortex of ovaries
Beneath surface epithelium made of CT
What is folliculogenesis
Continuous process throughout reproductive life where by primordial follicles undergo maturation during each reproductive cycle
Follicular growth and maturation is dependent on
Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH)
What hormone is important for estrogen synthesis and ovulation
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
What is an ovarian follicle
Structure containing an oocyte surrounded by specialized epithelial cells
What is the Primordial follicle
1ry oocyte enclosed by flattened simple squamous follicular cells that rest on a basal lamina
Where are the primordial follicles retained
In a resting stage from the time they formed in the fetal ovary
What is the primary follicle
Primary oocyte enclosed by a simple cuboidal layer of follicular cells
T or F
An oocyte is smaller in primary follicle than the ones in primordial follicles
False
Is larger in the primary follicle
Secondary follicle is
Primary oocyte enclosed by several layers of follicular cells
Follicular cells proliferate through _____ and are called ______ ____
MITOSIS
GRANULOSA CELLS
What is the zona pellucida
Glycoprotein layer located at the interphase between the oocyte and the granulosa cells
What are Theca cells
Large, pale staining, spindle-shaped cells that have the morphology of steroid producing/metabolizing cells
Granulosa cells are (2)
Acquired receptors for follicle stimulating hormone
Important in the Development of follicle
When the follicles become larger, they are filled with a liquid that appears between granulosa cells called?
What is this type of follicle called?
ANTRUM?
Tertiary follicles
The antrum enlarges, the oocyte is surrounded by a layer of follicular cells called
Corona radiata
The corona radiata sits on an aggregate of granulosa cells called
Cumulus oophorus
When the oocyte detaches from cumulus oophorus and floats free in follicular fluid is called
Mature (Graafian) Follicle
As a mature (graafian) follicle the cells acquire what for what
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) for the development of corpus luteum
The majority of follicles degenerate through a process called
Atresia
Follicular atresia (what happens) (3)
The oocyte, zona pellucida, and follicular cell degenerate and are reabsorbed
The basal lamina or granulosa cells become hyalinized
The theca interna cells blend back to stoma
After ovulation, blood flows into antrum and the ruptured follicles becomes what
Corpus hemorrhagium
Capillaries from stroma invade collapsed follicle and convert it into a temporary endocrine organ called
Corpus Luteum
No fluid just solid tissues
What is leutinization
Process by which the granulosa and theca cells transform into luteal cells (Hypertrophy and hyperplasia)
In response to FSH and LH granulosa lutein cells produce what
Progesterone
Estrogen
In response to LH what do theca cells produce
Progesterone
What is lutein
Yellow pigment in luteal cells of carnivores, mares and cows
Involution of the corpus luteum results in a fibrous scar called
Corpus Albicans
What is the muscular tube derived from the mullerian ducts
Oviduct or uterine tube
Function of the oviduct (5)
Receive the ovum
Cilia assist transport
Epithelial secretion promote capacitation of sperm
Provide a favorable microenvironment for fertilization
Transport zygote to uterus for implantation
Mucosa epithelium in the Oviduct
Simple columnar epithelium or pseudostratified columnar with motile cilia on most cells
Non ciliated cells in oviduct
Have secretory granules in the cytoplasm
Secretion provides nutrients to the ovum
What is the tunica muscularis in oviduct
Inner circular and an outer longitudinal smooth muscle layer
What contains the blood vessels and nerves in the oviduct
The serosa
Function of the uterus (3)
Provide a sterile and inert environment for the development of the conceptus
Exchange of nutrients and throphic factors via placental attachment sites
Muscles contribute to the release and birth of fetus
Functional zone of endometrium
Superficial layer that degenerates after pregnancy or estrus
Basal zone of endometrium
Layer that remains after pregnancy or estrus
Granular epithelium is simple columnar and contains what in the uterus
Secretory and non-secretory cells
Function of cervix (2)
Provide a seal that prevents organisms and substances from entering the cranial vagina
As a gatekeeper by holding products of conception within uterus until parturition
Epithelium of the endocervix
Simple columnar with mucus secreting cells
T or F
The endocervix has Muscularis Mucosae
FALSE
What is the serosa of endocervix made of
CT lined with mesothelium
The ectocervix is lined with
Stratified Squamous epithelium
Epithelium of the VAGINA
Mostly stratified squamous epithelium with patches of simple columnar epithelium and mucus producing cells
What do you finds in the early proestrus
All types of epithelial cells as well as erythrocytes and neutrophils
In the late proestrus you find
Lower neutrophils, intermediate and superficial cells dominate
In the estrus what do you find
Superficial keratinized cells are almost all of the cells
In the diestrus you see (3)
Number of superficial cells abruptly decreases
Intermediate and parabasal cells increase
Neutrophils increase in number
Anestrus
Parabasal and intermediate cells predominate
Neutrophils and bacteria may be present in small numbers
