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MIcroanatomy > Integument System > Flashcards

Integument System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the skin (9)

A 
Protection
Prevent water loss and electrolytes
Temperature regulation
Sensation
Movement
Immune Function
Excretion
Ca Homeostasis
Energy Storage
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2
Q

Functions of hair (5)

A 
Insulation
Camouflage
Social display
Sense/protect
Sex recognition
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3
Q

Epidermis (4)

A

Ectodermal origin
Avascular
Thick barrier
Stratified Squamous keratinized

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4
Q

Dermis (4)

A

Mesodermal
CT
Vascular and nervous
Supports epidermis

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5
Q

Hypodermis

A

Subcutis, loose CT below dermis

NOT PART OF THE SKIN

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6
Q

Thick skin has what present

A

Merocrine sweat glands

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7
Q

T or F

Thick skin is hairless

A

TRUE

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8
Q

Thin skin has (2)

A

Hair follicles with arrector pili muscle

Sebaceous and sweat glands

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9
Q

What part of the skin brings blood vessels near epithelium

A

Dermal papillae

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10
Q

Sites of epidermis

A

Footpad, nasal planun and scrotum

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11
Q

What is the principal component of dermis

A

CT

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12
Q

Papillary layer of dermis (3)

A

Loose CT
Type 1 and 3 collagen
Mas cells, macrophages, vessels and nerves

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13
Q

Reticular layer of dermis(4)

A

Dense irregular CT
Type 1 collagen
Network of elastic fibers
Blood vessels, nerves

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14
Q

Skin elasticity is

A

Network of elastic fibers in reticular layer of dermis

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15
Q

Cells in epidermis

A

Keratinocytes

Non keratinocytes

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16
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Most common cell

95% of total cells in epidermis

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17
Q

Non keratinocytes (4)

A

Langerhans cells
Markel’s cells
Melanocytes
Variable number of intraepithelial lymphocytes

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18
Q

Mention the adherent cells in epidermis (2)

A

Desmosomes

Hemidesmosomes

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19
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

Attach basal cells to basal lamina

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20
Q

Basic plan of epidermal layers (2)

A

Generate constant supply of cells

Replace cytoplasm with keratin, waterproof, flattened cells, provide many layers of this oily cellular barrier

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21
Q

Layers of epidermis (7) from top to base

Cinderella Loss her Glass Slipper at the Ball

A 
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale
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22
Q

Stratum basale

A

Epidermal dermal junction of single cuboidal to columnar cells

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23
Q

Desmosomes binds what

A

Neighboring cells together

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24
Q

Where in epidermis is the are of mitotic activity

A

Stratum basale

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25
Q

Stratum spinosum (what type of cells)

A

Cuboidal or slightly flattened

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26
Q

Stratum granulosum (3)

A

3-5 layers
cells begin to flatten
May be difficult to see in skin

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27
Q

Where can you find keratohyalin granules

A

Stratum granulosum

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28
Q

Stratum granulosum stain

A

Basophilic

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29
Q

Lamellar granules of Granulosum

A

secreted by cells to from waterproof lipid sheets (intracellular cement)

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30
Q

What is the last living layer and has no mitotic activity

A

Granulosum

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31
Q

What happens to nucleus of cells in granulosum layer

A

They start disappearing

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32
Q

In a section of the thick skin, it looks as a translucent layer is what layer of epidermis

A

Lucidum

only in thick

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33
Q

Are there cellular organelles in the lucidum layer of epidermis?

A

NO

Cells are fully keratinized

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34
Q

What is eleidin

A

Protein chemically related to keratin present in cytoplasm of lucidum layer

35
Q

How thick can the stratum corneum be?

A

15-20 layers thick depending on location in footpads

36
Q

How is the epidermis of the thick skin

A

Keratinized squamous epithelium

Non nucleated cells (dead keratinized cells)

37
Q

In the thick skin the stratum lucidum cells have

A

Pyknotic nuclei

38
Q

What is keratinization

A

Process by which keratinocytes differentiate

39
Q

What is cornification

A

Production of stratum corneum by terminal epidermal differentiation

40
Q

Langerhans cells help with

A

IS

41
Q

Merkel’s cells are

A

Sensory cells

42
Q

Melanocytes have a ____ function

A

Protective

43
Q

Where are the Langerhans cells found

A

Stratum basale and spinosum

44
Q

Intra-epidermal macrophages

A

Bone marrow derived from monocytes

45
Q

Immunological role of Langerhans cells in skin (2)

A

Antigen presenting cells

Internalized surface bound antigen for processing and presenting at its cell surface to T lymphocytes

46
Q

Merkel’s cells are present where

A

Thick skin near stratum basale

47
Q

Melanocytes are present where

A

Stratum Basale

48
Q

What cells produce melanin

A

Melanocytes

49
Q

What cells protect cells from effects of UV radiation

A

Melanocytes

50
Q

Melanocytes need ____ to function properly

A

Tyrosinate

51
Q

Eumelanin

A

Most common type of melanin

BROWN BLACK PIGMENT

52
Q

Pheomelanin

A

Red/brown polymer largely responsible for red hair and freckles

53
Q

What happens if there is no Tyrosinase

A

No pigment
No melanin
so ALBINO

54
Q

Sensory nerve of dermis

A

Free nerve endings to stratum granulosum called nociceptors

55
Q

Encapsulated nerve endings of dermis (3)

A

Meissner’s corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
Raffini corpuscle (sense stretching)

56
Q

Medulla of hair

A

Loose cuboidal cells, air filled in areas

57
Q

Cortex of hair follicles

A

Dense compact keratinized cells parallel to hair shaft

58
Q

Cuticle of hair

A

Single layer of flat keratinized cells

59
Q

What carries the blood supply to cells of hair

A

Dermal papilla

60
Q

External glassy membrane of root sheath

A

Basal lamina external to root sheath

61
Q

External root sheath is continuous to

A

Epidermis

62
Q

The cuticle of hair follicle is formed by

A

Overlapping keratinized cells with free edges oriented in opposite direction from hair cuticle toward hair bulb

63
Q

Types of hair follicles

A

Primary and secondary

64
Q

Primary hair follicle characteristics (2)

What is present

A

Large diameter
Rooted deep in epidermis
Sebaceous glans, arrector pili, muscle, sweat glands

65
Q

Secondary hair follicles

What is has

A

Smaller diameter
Rooted nearer the surface

Sebaceous gland, no sweat glands, no arrector pili

66
Q

Compound of hair follicles

A

Cluster of hair follicles

67
Q

Compound follicles usually have

A

1 1ry hair follicle

Several 2ry hair follicles

68
Q

Arrector pili muscle is

A

Smooth muscle attached to follicle of 1ry hairs

69
Q

Sebaceous glands produce

A

SEBUM (mixture of lipid and disintegrated cells)

70
Q

Sebaceous glands are a type of what gland

A

Holocrine

71
Q

Other sebaceous glands (7) and what animal are they in

A 
Supracaudal in dog
Mental glands in cat
Horn glands in Buck goat
Circumanal gland in Ruminants
Preputial gland in Smegma of horse
Tarsal (meibomian) glands in Eyelid
Uropygial gland in birds
72
Q

Apocrine glands are secrete by

A

Apical budding/pinches

73
Q

Function of apocrine sweat glands

A

Mainly communication

74
Q

Apocrine sweat glands examples (4)

A

Mammal glands
Glands of Moll (eyelid)
Anal sac
Ceruminous glands (ear wax)

75
Q

Merocrine glands excrete via what

A

Exocytosis

76
Q

Merocrine glands are mainly for

A

Thermoregulation

Secrete fluid into skin when temperature rises

77
Q

T or F

Dogs produce sweat for thermoregulation

A

FALSE

78
Q

Merocrine glands in dogs functions (2)

A

Seal outer layer of epidermis

Secrete pheromones that give dogs a distinctive body color

79
Q

What is the hoof

A

Highly modified, specialized skin derivative that protects and encloses the ends of digits of an ungulate mammal

80
Q

Main layers of the hoof

A 
Outer epidermis
Underlying dermis (Corium)
81
Q

Epidermal layers of hoof

A

Stratum tectorium/externum
Stratum medium
Stratum lamellatum/internum

82
Q

What is the main supportive layer of the hoof

A

Stratum medium

83
Q

What is the lamellar horn

A

Stratum lamellatum

84
Q

What is the dermis of the hoof called

A

Laminar corium

MIcroanatomy (4 decks)

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