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OPTM 5003 - Gross Anatomy > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the longest muscle in the body and how long is it?

A

Sartorius is about 18-24 inches (from beltline to proximal medial tibia)

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2
Q

Endomysium wraps around _______

A

muscles

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3
Q

There is no muscle replication and therefore very few muscle _______

A

cancers

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4
Q

What is the sarcolemma?

A

the outer membrane of the cell

sarco = flesh

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5
Q

Sport with highest demand of energy?

A

bike racing

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6
Q

When muscles increase in size the muscle ______ get bigger as well as the ________ __________

A

cells

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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7
Q

_______ is stored in the liver and also in the muscle

A

glycogen

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8
Q

What is a form of hemoglobin that is found in muscle cells and is used to carry oxygen?

A

myoglobin

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9
Q

Does red muscle have higher or lower amounts of myoglobin?

A

higher

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10
Q

Does white muscle have higher or lower amounts of myoglobin?

A

lower

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11
Q

Each muscle cell/fiber is surround by what?

A

endomysium

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12
Q

Muscle cells/fibers are _________

A

multinucleated

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13
Q

What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

a network of tubes for transport and storage of Ca

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14
Q

Connective tissue forms attachments between _______ and _______

A

muscle

bone

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15
Q

How long can myofibers be?

A

30cm

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16
Q

Skeletal muscle is ______ ______ muscle

A

voluntary

striated

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17
Q

What are sarcomeres?

A

a fundamental unit of skeletal muscle contraction

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18
Q

What are sarcomeres made up of?

A

myofilaments of actin (thin) and myosin (thick)

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19
Q

The muscle contracts using ______ and ______

A

Ca

ATP

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20
Q

Sarcomeres are the actual _______ unit

A

contractile

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21
Q

The muscle returns to resting length after the removal of ___ with ______ muscles

A

Ca

antagonist

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22
Q

What is myasthenia gravis and what is the first symptom?

A

autoimmune disease that attacks acetylcholine receptors - first symptom is ptosis of the eyelids

23
Q

What is acetylcholinesterase?

A

an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine at synapse

24
Q

Where are acetylcholine receptors found?

A

on sarcolemma

25
Muscle fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers that are surrounded by what?
perimysium
26
too little tone
flaccid
27
too much tone
twitchy, cramps, tetany
28
What is one way to test for muscle tone?
testing reflexes
29
What are the characteristics of type I (red muscle)
slow twitch oxidative (aerobic) high endurance high myoglobin postural (anti - gravity) low force
30
What are the characteristics of type II (white muscle)
glycolytic (anaerobic) low endurance low myoglobin high force
31
Muscles that are close to the bone are typically _____ muscle
red
32
Example of white fiber
bicep
33
Example of red fiber
brachialis
34
Stabilizing (muscle roles)
type I fibers deep single joint postural
35
mobilizing (muscle roles)
type II fibers superficial 2-joints ex: gastrocnemius
36
Agonist
prime mover
37
Antagonist
opposes agonist
38
synergist
assists agonist
39
stabilizer
supports joint at rest or during other movements
40
Smooth muscle is mostly _______
invlountary
41
Examples of smooth muscle
blood vessels, alimentary canal, pupils
42
Cardiac muscle is ______ and _________
striated involuntary
43
The resting or baseline rate is set by the _______ and modified by the _______ __________
medulla autonomic system
44
Myofibrils consist of repeating units called _________
sarcomeres
45
A myofilament is a chain of protein molecules found in the _______ of a striated muscle.
myofibrils
46
Epimysium
external connective tissue sheath of a muscle
47
Perimysium
the connective tissue sheath that surrounds a muscle and forms sheaths for the bundles of muscle fibers
48
endomysium
delicate connective tissue surrounding the individual muscular fibers within the smallest bundles
49
sarcolemma
the membrane enclosing a striated muscle fiber
50
Fascicle
small bundle or cluster or muscle fibers
51
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum and what does it do?
as system of membrane-bound tubules that surrounds muscle fibrils releasing calcium ions during contraction and absorbing them during relaxation
52
neuromuscular junction
causes thousands of tiny vesicles filled with acetylcholine to be released from the axon tip into the synapse
53
Hyperplasia
an increase in the number of normal cells in a tissue or organ

OPTM 5003 - Gross Anatomy (7 decks)

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