Gross Anatomy Cardiopulmonary

Question 1

aorta

Answer 1

main supply of blood to body

Question 2

pericardium

Answer 2

a sac that surrounds the heart

Question 3

mediastinum

Answer 3

space in the chest cavity between the lungs where the heart is

Question 4

apex of the heart

Answer 4

inferior end which tilts left and tapers to point

Question 5

epicardium

Answer 5

collagen layer covering the heart

also called visceral pericardium

Question 6

pericardial cavity

Answer 6

filled with pericardial fluid

Question 7

myocardium

Answer 7

heart muscle

Question 8

endocardium of the heart

Answer 8

covers the inner surfaces of the heart

Question 9

4 chambers of the heart

Answer 9

right and left atria - receive blood returning to the heart

right and left ventricles - pump blood into arteries

Question 10

are ventricles or atrias more muscular?

Answer 10

ventricles

Question 11

pulmonary veins

Answer 11

venous blood from lungs

Question 12

vena cavas

Answer 12

venous blood from body

Question 13

left and right coronary arteries

Answer 13

arterial blood to myocardium

Question 14

artery

Answer 14

vessel that carries blood away from the heart

Question 15

vein

Answer 15

will carry blood to the heart

Question 16

tricuspid valve

Answer 16

also called right atrial ventricular valve

Question 17

how many valves of the heart?

Answer 17

4

Question 18

bicuspid valve

Answer 18

left side

Question 19

ischemia

Answer 19

lack of oxygen

Question 20

number 1 cause of heart failure

Answer 20

emphysema

Question 21

diaretic

Answer 21

makes you pee. helps to secrete or rid of fluids

Question 22

upper respiratory tract

Answer 22

larynx and above

Question 23

lower respiratory tract

Answer 23

larynx and below
 thyroid and cricoid cartilage
 trachea
 bronchial tree
 lungs

Question 24

_______ are more prone to infection

Answer 24

coelom (or cavity) same thing

Question 25

Visceral pleura

Answer 25

lining of the lungs

Question 26

Parietal pleura

Answer 26

pleura (shiny) that lines the inner chest walls

Question 27

What is retroperitoneal?

Answer 27

a part of the abdominal cavity that lies between the posterior parietal peritoneum and anterior to the transversalis fascia

Question 28

Parietal pleura is found in the _____ cavity while peritonea is found in the ________.

Answer 28

chest abdomen

Question 29

________ membranes line the organs and cavities which secrete a lubricating fluid to keep everything wet and shiny

Answer 29

Serous

Question 30

Adhesions occur if there is not enough ________  __________

Answer 30

serous fluid

Question 31

A really large heart

Answer 31

congestive heart failure

Question 32

An infection of the visceral lining of the lungs

Answer 32

pleural pneumonia (too much fluid in the cavity

Question 33

Epicarditis

Answer 33

infection of the epicardium

Question 34

endocarditis

Answer 34

infection of the inner surfaces of the heart

Question 35

Myocardial infarction

Answer 35

heart attack

Question 36

Why is the left ventricle so much thicker than the right ventricle?

Answer 36

because it pumps blood to the rest of the body where as the right ventricle only has to pump blood to the lungs which are right "next door"

Question 37

Superior and inferior vena cava

Answer 37

venous blood from the body

Question 38

Pulmonary trunk goes to the _____ and branches into the left and right ________ arteries

Answer 38

lungs pulmonary

Question 39

LAD

Answer 39

left anterior descending ("widow maker) this area supplies the left ventricle and if it is "broken" you die because it pumps blood to the brain

Question 40

What is the purpose of a valve?

Answer 40

prevents backflow

Question 41

What are the 4 valves?

Answer 41

aortic semilunar bicuspid tricuspid

Question 42

Arteriolosclerosis

Answer 42

a cardiovascular disease that causes the arteries to become hard therefore they lose elasticity and plaque is deposited here

Question 43

What do people with congestive heart failure usually take?

Answer 43

diuretic digitalis (drug that strengthens the heart) ACE inhibitor or a BP med

Question 44

What is the function of the pleural fluid?

Answer 44

reduces friction and creates a pressure gradient

Question 45

A dome shaped muscle that flattens when contracted and is innervated by the phrenic nerve

Answer 45

diaphragm

Question 46

What is the phrenic nerve innervated by?

Answer 46

c3-5

Question 47

What is a hiatal hernia?

Answer 47

when the stomach pushes up into the thoracic cavity between the lungs

Question 48

What is an aneurysm?

Answer 48

a bulge in an artery or blood vessel in the brain

Question 49

_________ is an infectious disease affecting the alveoli which is a leading cause of death

Answer 49

pneumonia

Question 50

What is lobar pneumonia?

Answer 50

inflammation of the bronchioles

Question 51

Lumen

Answer 51

opening of the artery or vein

Question 52

The endothelial layer is also referred to as the ______ ______ which is the internal surface that lines the lumen

Answer 52

tunica intima

Question 53

Innermost layer is the _______ to contract and relax

Answer 53

muscle

Question 54

Tunica adventitia is the outer layer that connects the ______ in place to other connective tissue/muscle/or bone

Answer 54

vessels

Question 55

orthostatic hypertension

Answer 55

getting up to fast - fainting

Question 56

What are the largest arteries?

Answer 56

aorta and pulmonary trunk (both are elastic)

Question 57

What are arterioles and how big are they?

Answer 57

arterioles lead into capillary beds and they are 1mm in diameter

Question 58

Capillaries are tiny and they allow _____  of fluids to the tissues

Answer 58

leakage

Question 59

What are capillary sphincters?

Answer 59

closes off one space from another -normally closed open when engaged and then they close again

Question 60

What is albumen?

Answer 60

the thick substance of blood

Question 61

How much blood is in the body?

Answer 61

5L 3L is being circulated at all times

Question 62

What is the lymphatic system?

Answer 62

a vascular drainage system which is separate from the cardiovascular system

Question 63

Where are immune cells found?

Answer 63

in the lymphatic system

Question 64

What are the 3 types of immune cells?

Answer 64

1. t cells - recognition of foreign organisms 2. b cells - production of antibodies 3. macrophages - ingestion of foreign organisms

Question 65

Lymph nodes filter ______ organisms

Answer 65

infectious

Question 66

What produces immune cells and where are they stored?

Answer 66

spleen

Question 67

The thymus gland is active in early ______ production

Answer 67

t cell

Question 68

What percentage of tissues are being supplied at all times?

Answer 68

40% shunting determines which muscles need the oxygen the most

Question 69

Blood flow order

Answer 69

superior and inferior vena cava right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle pulmonary semilunar valve pulmonary artery lungs pulmonary vein left atrium bicuspid valve left ventricle aortic semilunar valve aorta body