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OPTM 5003 - Gross Anatomy > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What are joints?

A

articulations between bones

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2
Q

How are joints connected?

A

ligaments

joint capsules

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3
Q

Joints are moved and supported by________ and _________

A

muscles

tendons

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4
Q

Fixed joints are connected by dense fibrous ________ ________

A

connective tissue

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5
Q

2 examples of fixed joints

A

sutures of the skull

gomphoses of the teeth

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6
Q

Cartilagenous joints are flexible, resilient and have low mobility 2 examples are

A

distal tibiofibular joint

intervertebral discs

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7
Q

Synovial joints are high mobility joints that need lubrication to ______ and ______

A

roll

glide

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8
Q

cartilage grows through _______

A

expansion

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9
Q

Ground substance (cartilage)

A

chondroitin sulphate and glucosamine sulphate

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10
Q

______ lays down new cartilage

A

chondroblasts

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11
Q

_______ are existing within the cartilage

A

chondrocytes

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12
Q

There is no ____ or _____ supply in cartilage

A

nerve

blood

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13
Q

Weeping lubrication

A

needs to be worked like a sponge (cartilage is porous)

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14
Q

Largest joint of the body

A

knee

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15
Q

ligaments connect _____ to _____

A

bone

bone

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16
Q

A sprain is a damaged ______

A

ligament

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17
Q

articular capsules surround and enclose ________ _______

A

synovial joints

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18
Q

synovial membrane is an inner serous layer that secretes _____ ______

A

synovial fluid

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19
Q

What is adhesive capsulitis?

A

inflammation of the shoulder “frozen shoulder” also called shoulder impingement

20
Q

Plica syndrome is synovial fold _______ and is typically found in the ______

A

pinching

knee

(a lot of pain because there are a lot of nerve located here)

21
Q

Tendons attach _____ to ______

A

muscle

bone

22
Q

How many muscles cross the knee joint?

A

8 - it needs a lot of support since it is so weak

23
Q

How many muscles support the shoulder?

A

4

24
Q

Avulsion

A

when a ligament or tendon is torn and a piece of bone breaks away with it - can be fixed 100% bone will regenerate itself

25
Q

Collagen fibers are continuous with muscle and creates a ________

A

“harness” (-mysiums)

26
Q

Tendons continue with the ________

A

periosteum

27
Q

synovial fluid is referred to as ____ ______ and is secreted by the ______ ________

A

weeping lubrication

synovial membrane

28
Q

_____ increase as _____ increase in synovial fluid

A

viscosity

pressure

29
Q

Synovial fluid contains ______ _____ and _______

A

hyaluronic acid

lubricin

30
Q

What is the function of articular discs?

A

extra cartilage to provide additional movement or range of motion

31
Q

What are labrums

A

flexible extensions of joint articulation (fibrocartilage) which increase joint stability but are vulnerable to dislocations

example : ligaments that are stretched

can find a torn labrum in the shoulder

32
Q

Labral tears are also referred to as ______ _______

A

SLAP lesions

(superior labral tear from anterior to posterior)

example: glenoid labrum tear

throwing injury

33
Q

What are bursae?

A

a synovial sac with connect support

34
Q

Synovial sheaths are bursa wrapped around _____ with hi longitudinal movement

A

tendons

35
Q

How many bursae are located in the shoulder and also in the knees?

A

8

36
Q

Bursitis

A

inflammation of the bursa

37
Q

Examples of bursitis

A

student elbow

housemaids knee

38
Q

Shoulder joint is referred to as the ________ ______

A

glenohumeral joint

39
Q

Major surgery for a total hip replacement so they do what instead?

A

internal fixation

40
Q

What is a subluxation?

A

a partial dislocation

41
Q

When you dislocate something do not “pop it back in place” because you can _____ a _______

A

crush

vessel

42
Q

osteoarthritis

A

is erosion of articular cartilage and is the most common reason for a knee replacement

43
Q

Bone on bone results in a

A

bone spur (osteophytes)

44
Q

Degenerative disc disease is age related and causes compression of the ______

A

nerves

45
Q

Herniations of annulus fibrosis causes what?

A

the soft center of the disc bursts through the fibrous part and forms a bulge - this presses on the nerve and can cause shooting pain

OPTM 5003 - Gross Anatomy (7 decks)

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