Joints Flashcards
What are joints?
articulations between bones
How are joints connected?
ligaments
joint capsules
Joints are moved and supported by________ and _________
muscles
tendons
Fixed joints are connected by dense fibrous ________ ________
connective tissue
2 examples of fixed joints
sutures of the skull
gomphoses of the teeth
Cartilagenous joints are flexible, resilient and have low mobility 2 examples are
distal tibiofibular joint
intervertebral discs
Synovial joints are high mobility joints that need lubrication to ______ and ______
roll
glide
cartilage grows through _______
expansion
Ground substance (cartilage)
chondroitin sulphate and glucosamine sulphate
______ lays down new cartilage
chondroblasts
_______ are existing within the cartilage
chondrocytes
There is no ____ or _____ supply in cartilage
nerve
blood
Weeping lubrication
needs to be worked like a sponge (cartilage is porous)
Largest joint of the body
knee
ligaments connect _____ to _____
bone
bone
A sprain is a damaged ______
ligament
articular capsules surround and enclose ________ _______
synovial joints
synovial membrane is an inner serous layer that secretes _____ ______
synovial fluid
What is adhesive capsulitis?
inflammation of the shoulder “frozen shoulder” also called shoulder impingement
Plica syndrome is synovial fold _______ and is typically found in the ______
pinching
knee
(a lot of pain because there are a lot of nerve located here)
Tendons attach _____ to ______
muscle
bone
How many muscles cross the knee joint?
8 - it needs a lot of support since it is so weak
How many muscles support the shoulder?
4
Avulsion
when a ligament or tendon is torn and a piece of bone breaks away with it - can be fixed 100% bone will regenerate itself
Collagen fibers are continuous with muscle and creates a ________
“harness” (-mysiums)
Tendons continue with the ________
periosteum
synovial fluid is referred to as ____ ______ and is secreted by the ______ ________
weeping lubrication
synovial membrane
_____ increase as _____ increase in synovial fluid
viscosity
pressure
Synovial fluid contains ______ _____ and _______
hyaluronic acid
lubricin
What is the function of articular discs?
extra cartilage to provide additional movement or range of motion
What are labrums
flexible extensions of joint articulation (fibrocartilage) which increase joint stability but are vulnerable to dislocations
example : ligaments that are stretched
can find a torn labrum in the shoulder
Labral tears are also referred to as ______ _______
SLAP lesions
(superior labral tear from anterior to posterior)
example: glenoid labrum tear
throwing injury
What are bursae?
a synovial sac with connect support
Synovial sheaths are bursa wrapped around _____ with hi longitudinal movement
tendons
How many bursae are located in the shoulder and also in the knees?
8
Bursitis
inflammation of the bursa
Examples of bursitis
student elbow
housemaids knee
Shoulder joint is referred to as the ________ ______
glenohumeral joint
Major surgery for a total hip replacement so they do what instead?
internal fixation
What is a subluxation?
a partial dislocation
When you dislocate something do not “pop it back in place” because you can _____ a _______
crush
vessel
osteoarthritis
is erosion of articular cartilage and is the most common reason for a knee replacement
Bone on bone results in a
bone spur (osteophytes)
Degenerative disc disease is age related and causes compression of the ______
nerves
Herniations of annulus fibrosis causes what?
the soft center of the disc bursts through the fibrous part and forms a bulge - this presses on the nerve and can cause shooting pain
