Joints

Question 1

What are joints?

Answer 1

articulations between bones

Question 2

How are joints connected?

Answer 2

ligaments

joint capsules

Question 3

Joints are moved and supported by________ and _________

Answer 3

muscles

tendons

Question 4

Fixed joints are connected by dense fibrous ________ ________

Answer 4

connective tissue

Question 5

2 examples of fixed joints

Answer 5

sutures of the skull

gomphoses of the teeth

Question 6

Cartilagenous joints are flexible, resilient and have low mobility 2 examples are

Answer 6

distal tibiofibular joint

intervertebral discs

Question 7

Synovial joints are high mobility joints that need lubrication to ______ and ______

Answer 7

roll

glide

Question 8

cartilage grows through _______

Answer 8

expansion

Question 9

Ground substance (cartilage)

Answer 9

chondroitin sulphate and glucosamine sulphate

Question 10

______ lays down new cartilage

Answer 10

chondroblasts

Question 11

_______ are existing within the cartilage

Answer 11

chondrocytes

Question 12

There is no ____ or _____ supply in cartilage

Answer 12

nerve

blood

Question 13

Weeping lubrication

Answer 13

needs to be worked like a sponge (cartilage is porous)

Question 14

Largest joint of the body

Answer 14

knee

Question 15

ligaments connect _____ to _____

Answer 15

bone

bone

Question 16

A sprain is a damaged ______

Answer 16

ligament

Question 17

articular capsules surround and enclose ________ _______

Answer 17

synovial joints

Question 18

synovial membrane is an inner serous layer that secretes _____ ______

Answer 18

synovial fluid

Question 19

What is adhesive capsulitis?

Answer 19

inflammation of the shoulder “frozen shoulder” also called shoulder impingement

Question 20

Plica syndrome is synovial fold _______ and is typically found in the ______

Answer 20

pinching

knee

(a lot of pain because there are a lot of nerve located here)

Question 21

Tendons attach _____ to ______

Answer 21

muscle

bone

Question 22

How many muscles cross the knee joint?

Answer 22

8 - it needs a lot of support since it is so weak

Question 23

How many muscles support the shoulder?

Answer 23

4

Question 24

Avulsion

Answer 24

when a ligament or tendon is torn and a piece of bone breaks away with it - can be fixed 100% bone will regenerate itself

Question 25

Collagen fibers are continuous with muscle and creates a ________

Answer 25

"harness" (-mysiums)

Question 26

Tendons continue with the ________

Answer 26

periosteum

Question 27

synovial fluid is referred to as ____  ______ and is secreted by the ______ ________

Answer 27

weeping lubrication synovial membrane

Question 28

_____ increase as _____ increase in synovial fluid

Answer 28

viscosity pressure

Question 29

Synovial fluid contains ______ _____ and _______

Answer 29

hyaluronic acid lubricin

Question 30

What is the function of articular discs?

Answer 30

extra cartilage to provide additional movement or range of motion

Question 31

What are labrums

Answer 31

flexible extensions of joint articulation (fibrocartilage) which increase joint stability but are vulnerable to dislocations example : ligaments that are stretched can find a torn labrum in the shoulder

Question 32

Labral tears are also referred to as ______ _______

Answer 32

SLAP lesions (superior labral tear from anterior to posterior) example: glenoid labrum tear throwing injury

Question 33

What are bursae?

Answer 33

a synovial sac with connect support

Question 34

Synovial sheaths are bursa wrapped around _____ with hi longitudinal movement

Answer 34

tendons

Question 35

How many bursae are located in the shoulder and also in the knees?

Answer 35

8

Question 36

Bursitis

Answer 36

inflammation of the bursa

Question 37

Examples of bursitis

Answer 37

student elbow housemaids knee

Question 38

Shoulder joint is referred to as the ________ ______

Answer 38

glenohumeral joint

Question 39

Major surgery for a total hip replacement so they do what instead?

Answer 39

internal fixation

Question 40

What is a subluxation?

Answer 40

a partial dislocation

Question 41

When you dislocate something do not "pop it back in place" because you can _____ a _______

Answer 41

crush vessel

Question 42

osteoarthritis

Answer 42

is erosion of articular cartilage and is the most common reason for a knee replacement

Question 43

Bone on bone results in a

Answer 43

bone spur (osteophytes)

Question 44

Degenerative disc disease is age related and causes compression of the ______

Answer 44

nerves

Question 45

Herniations of annulus fibrosis causes what?

Answer 45

the soft center of the disc bursts through the fibrous part and forms a bulge - this presses on the nerve and can cause shooting pain