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GI > Muscarinic Receptors > Flashcards

Muscarinic Receptors Flashcards

1
Q

Categories of nerves

A

Peripheral=around the medulla
Somatic = skeletal muscle
Parasympathetic and sympathetic systems

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2
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system

A

Subconscious control of organs and homeostasis
Controls output from the CNS to body with somatic intervention
Vegus nerve controls heart rate using secretions

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3
Q

Enteric branch of ANS

A

Cell bodies in the wall of the GI tract receive sympathetic and parasympathetic input
Can innervate blood vessels, smooth muscles and glands
Utilises neurotransmitters (ACh, noreadreneline, non-adrenic non-cholinergic)
Can control GI function without external input

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4
Q

Stimulation

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation happen as opposing actions
Organs like sweat glands and blood vessels are sympathetic
Ciliary muscles of the eye are only parasympathetic

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5
Q

What are the two neurones in a neurone system

A

Pre and post ganglionic

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6
Q

Pre-ganglionic neurones

A 
Cell body in the CNS
Small diameter
Myelinated
Synapses are autonomic ganglia
Preganlionic foibles release ACh
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7
Q

Post- ganglionic neurones

A

Cell bodies in autonomic ganglions
Small diameter
Unmyelinated
Terminal synapse close to target organ

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8
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Specialised ganglion

Chromaffin cells are specialised post-synaptic neurones

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9
Q

M1, M3, M5

A

All have the same signalling system using G-couples receptors

M1, M3, M5 = activated
All increase IP3 stimulation and increase calcium

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10
Q

M2, M4

A

All have an enzymes inhibited coupling method

M2, M4 = inhibited
Cause slowing of the heart

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11
Q

Function of M1

A

Gastric

Salivary

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12
Q

Function of M3

A

Exocrine glands
Smooth muscle
Blood vessels

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13
Q

Function of M5

A

Salivary glands
Iris
Ciliary muscle

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14
Q

Function of M2

A

Cardiac
Presynaptic
Reduce cAMP
Reduce concentration of calcium ion conductance
Increase concentration of potassium ion conductance

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15
Q

Function of M4

A

CNS

Decreases cAMP

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16
Q

Parasympathetic effects

A 
Increased salivation
Increased mucus secretion
Increased gastric secretion
Increased GI motility
Increased urination
Increased bronchoconstriction
Decreased HR and AVN conduction
Increased penile erection
Increased tears
17
Q

What is muscadine poisoning

A

Excessive parasympathetic responses

18
Q

What does SLUDGE stand for

A 
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Diarrhoea
Gastric upset
Enesis
19
Q

What does DUMBBELLS stand for

A 
Diarrhoea
Urination
Miosis
Bradycardia
Bronchoconstriction
Emesis 
Lacrimation
Salvation
20
Q

Mimicking ACh

A

Some drugs act directly on muscarinic receptors like muscurinic agonists (parasympathomimetic) and muscurinic antagonists (parasympatholytic)

21
Q

Agonists on muscorinic/nicotinic/ACh receptors:

A

Acetylcholine

Methacholine

22
Q

Agonists on muscurinic/nicotinic

A

Carbachol

23
Q

Agonists on muscarinic

A

Bethanechol

Pilocarpine

24
Q

Effect of muscarinic antagonists

A 
Inhibit secretions
Cause tachycardia
Mydriasis
Inhibit GI motility
Relax smooth muscle
Bronchodilators
CNS excitation
25
Q

Muscurinic antagonists

A

Block ACh action
Non-selective competitive antagonists
Readily absorbed, penetrate BBB
Act as CNS stimulant, delirium and hallucinations
Treats ACh poisoning and GI hypermotility
Main side effects are urine retention, dry mouth, blurred vision

26
Q

Hyoscine

A

Muscurinic antagonist
Non-selective competitive antagonist
GI relaxant and anti-secretory
Blocks transmission from vestibular apparatus to vomiting centre

27
Q

ACh analogies clinical uses

A

Bladder emptying
Glaucoma
Slow heart, vasodilation, sweating/salivation/secretion

28
Q

Summary of antagonists

A

Prevent para-sympathetic responses like inhibiting secretions
Useful in surgery
Tachycardia, optical uses, airway disease like COPD, decrease GI motility

GI (21 decks)

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