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human geography case studies > Mumbai > Flashcards

Mumbai Flashcards

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1
Q

Location of Mumbai

A
  • Western India
  • ## bordering Arabian Sea
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2
Q

size of Mumbai

A
  • spread across 169 square miles
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3
Q

where does the city water supply come from?

A
  • three small rivers

- six large lakes

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4
Q

Mumbai coastline consists of..

A
  • mangroves
  • swamps
  • beaches
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5
Q

Mumbai climate

A
  • monsoon climate
  • high pressures keep winters dry
  • low pressures in summer draw in warm moist air to create the monsoons
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6
Q

the volume of monsoon rainfall can peak at…

A

600mm in July

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7
Q

average minimum and maximum temperatures

A

minimum: January: 23.5 degrees
maximum: July : 29.5 degrees

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8
Q

what type of city is Mumbai? why?

A

a megacity as the population is over 10 million

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9
Q

most expensive building in Mumbai

A
  • 28 story structure

- £2 billion

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10
Q

why is Mumbai the financial capital of India?

A
  • more modern infrastructure allows for research and development jobs
  • technology firms provide economic growth
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11
Q

what has happened to population since the 1991 census?

A
  • population has more than doubled
  • 9.9 million in 1991
  • estimated 22 million in 2016
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12
Q

Mumbai is the __ most densely populated city in the world

A

4th

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13
Q

what percentage of the population live in slums?

A

around 54%

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14
Q

how many people live in the Dharavi slum?

A

over 1 million

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15
Q

main religions in Mumbai? percentages?

A
  • 67.4% Hindu
  • 18.6% Muslim
  • Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs, Christians
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16
Q

average age of Mumbai?

A

29.9 years

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17
Q

earnings of Mumbai population

A
  • 25% earn less than the equivalent of £2000

- 27% earn over £10,000

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18
Q

income gap in india…

A

Indias richest 10% holds 370 times the share of wealth that it’s poorest hold

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19
Q

Mumbai is home to ___ multi millionaires, some of which live less than a mile from a slum

A

2700+ millionaires

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20
Q

___% of official households (not including slums) were considered living below the poverty line

A

40%

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21
Q

Mumbai is a ____ hub

A

technology hub

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22
Q

Mumbai is a major manufacturing centre focusing on…

A

precious metals and textiles

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23
Q

the increase in IT firms setting up in the city caused..

A

a surge in rural to urban migration

24
Q

what was the issue when IT firms set up in Mumbai?

A

A lot of the jobs were only available to high skilled workers who have had access to good education

25
Q

informal sector jobs are widespread in Mumbai with some people only earning..

A

£1 per day

26
Q

examples of informal work

A
  • rag collectors
27
Q

rag collectors - what do they do?

A

collect reusable rubbish all day for as little as 50p per bag full

28
Q

slums have no access to..

A
  • running water
  • electricity
  • sanitation
  • public services (e.g. police force, medical care)
29
Q

the lack of access to services in slums leads to..

A
  • increased crime
  • ## increased disease/illness
30
Q

Antilla building

A

The Antilla building is the most expensive building in India which sits on the border of one of the largest slum
- shows major inequality

31
Q

is there an education gap?

A
  • only the wealthy families can afford to send their children to good private schools
  • other education is limited or of low standards
  • children in slums often have to help earn money
32
Q

why is rag picking dangerous?

A
  • landfill sites contain dangerous objects (e.g.needles)
  • illness is caused from being around waste
  • some ragpickers don’t wear shoes
  • many ragpickers are are children
33
Q

hospitals are short of nurses and doctors by how much?

A

nurses - 26% short

doctors - 44%

34
Q

why is there health inequality?

A

wealthy citizens can afford private healthcare

- many slums dwellers don’t have access to any medical care and the care available is limited

35
Q

why is the River Mithi so polluted?

A
  • untreated sewage
  • illegal dumping of waste (proper waste collection is limited)
  • people may wash animals/ oily drums/ cars
  • animal waste
36
Q

solutions to river Mithi pollution?

A
  • educate people about water pollution
  • provide proper waste collection
  • hire unemployed citizens to monitor river
  • long term: install better sewage system
37
Q

issues with air pollution in mumbai

A
  • respiratory illnesses being caused
  • cancer causing particulate matter increasing
  • carbon emissions increase (industry and transport)
38
Q

Nightly burning of rubbish at the 100ha MCW dump results in…

A

particulate matter readings getting to 2000mg per m3 (safe amount is 150)

39
Q

solutions to air pollution issues

A
  • launched a national air quality index
  • monorail set up to minimise car emissions
  • ‘burn fat not fuel’ scheme encourages cycling
  • vegetation planted to act as filter
  • increased legislation on burning waste
40
Q

problems with dereliction

A
  • lack of opportunity to regenerate/rebuild areas as any empty land is taken up by slums
  • lack of government investment
  • poor quality infrastructure
41
Q

solutions to dereliction

A
  • investment in better infrastructure
  • training unemployed to build homes to replace slums
  • more legislation to monitor slum settlements
  • increase building on brownfield sites
42
Q

biggest physical challenges faced in Mumbai?

A
  • the monsoon weather

- flooding

43
Q
  • example of flooding in Mumbai

- what were the impacts?

A
  • 29th August 2017
  • 35 deaths
  • power cut
  • transport unavailable
  • homes ruined
44
Q

how will sea level rise affect Mumbai?

A
  • Mumbai is only 14m above seas level

- estimated 40% of Mumbai will be underwater within the next 100 years

45
Q

is Mumbai sustainable?

A

no

46
Q

why is Mumbai unsustainable?

A
  • overcrowding
  • excessive waste
  • social/economic inequalities
47
Q

statistic on Mumbais overcrowding

A
  • 1 million people live across 256 hectares of land

- 2000 people per acre

48
Q

how has Mumbai combated over population?

A
  • creation of New Bombay
  • Monorail from north to south Mumbai
  • planned 78 more monorails yet to be installed
49
Q

What does New Bombay include?

A
  • includes 20 residential hubs
  • towns expanding over 400 hectares
  • capable of holding 100,000 - 200,000 people
50
Q

How does the monorail help to combat overpopulation issues?

A
  • reduces traffic congestion

- reduces emissions

51
Q

what is the estimated cost of investment to solve all transport, energy and water issues?

A

$40 trillion

52
Q

ethnicity of the city

A
  • 42% identify as Maharashtrian

- 19% are Guajaratis

53
Q

how many major languages are spoken in Mumbai?

main language of city?

A
  • 15

- Marathi

54
Q

how many metric tonnes of rubbish are produced per day?

A

8500 metric tonnes

55
Q

where does most rubbish end up?

A

Deonar landfill site

human geography case studies (18 decks)

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