Mumbai Flashcards
Location of Mumbai
- Western India
- ## bordering Arabian Sea
size of Mumbai
- spread across 169 square miles
where does the city water supply come from?
- three small rivers
- six large lakes
Mumbai coastline consists of..
- mangroves
- swamps
- beaches
Mumbai climate
- monsoon climate
- high pressures keep winters dry
- low pressures in summer draw in warm moist air to create the monsoons
the volume of monsoon rainfall can peak at…
600mm in July
average minimum and maximum temperatures
minimum: January: 23.5 degrees
maximum: July : 29.5 degrees
what type of city is Mumbai? why?
a megacity as the population is over 10 million
most expensive building in Mumbai
- 28 story structure
- £2 billion
why is Mumbai the financial capital of India?
- more modern infrastructure allows for research and development jobs
- technology firms provide economic growth
what has happened to population since the 1991 census?
- population has more than doubled
- 9.9 million in 1991
- estimated 22 million in 2016
Mumbai is the __ most densely populated city in the world
4th
what percentage of the population live in slums?
around 54%
how many people live in the Dharavi slum?
over 1 million
main religions in Mumbai? percentages?
- 67.4% Hindu
- 18.6% Muslim
- Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs, Christians
average age of Mumbai?
29.9 years
earnings of Mumbai population
- 25% earn less than the equivalent of £2000
- 27% earn over £10,000
income gap in india…
Indias richest 10% holds 370 times the share of wealth that it’s poorest hold
Mumbai is home to ___ multi millionaires, some of which live less than a mile from a slum
2700+ millionaires
___% of official households (not including slums) were considered living below the poverty line
40%
Mumbai is a ____ hub
technology hub
Mumbai is a major manufacturing centre focusing on…
precious metals and textiles
the increase in IT firms setting up in the city caused..
a surge in rural to urban migration
what was the issue when IT firms set up in Mumbai?
A lot of the jobs were only available to high skilled workers who have had access to good education
informal sector jobs are widespread in Mumbai with some people only earning..
£1 per day
examples of informal work
- rag collectors
rag collectors - what do they do?
collect reusable rubbish all day for as little as 50p per bag full
slums have no access to..
- running water
- electricity
- sanitation
- public services (e.g. police force, medical care)
the lack of access to services in slums leads to..
- increased crime
- ## increased disease/illness
Antilla building
The Antilla building is the most expensive building in India which sits on the border of one of the largest slum
- shows major inequality
is there an education gap?
- only the wealthy families can afford to send their children to good private schools
- other education is limited or of low standards
- children in slums often have to help earn money
why is rag picking dangerous?
- landfill sites contain dangerous objects (e.g.needles)
- illness is caused from being around waste
- some ragpickers don’t wear shoes
- many ragpickers are are children
hospitals are short of nurses and doctors by how much?
nurses - 26% short
doctors - 44%
why is there health inequality?
wealthy citizens can afford private healthcare
- many slums dwellers don’t have access to any medical care and the care available is limited
why is the River Mithi so polluted?
- untreated sewage
- illegal dumping of waste (proper waste collection is limited)
- people may wash animals/ oily drums/ cars
- animal waste
solutions to river Mithi pollution?
- educate people about water pollution
- provide proper waste collection
- hire unemployed citizens to monitor river
- long term: install better sewage system
issues with air pollution in mumbai
- respiratory illnesses being caused
- cancer causing particulate matter increasing
- carbon emissions increase (industry and transport)
Nightly burning of rubbish at the 100ha MCW dump results in…
particulate matter readings getting to 2000mg per m3 (safe amount is 150)
solutions to air pollution issues
- launched a national air quality index
- monorail set up to minimise car emissions
- ‘burn fat not fuel’ scheme encourages cycling
- vegetation planted to act as filter
- increased legislation on burning waste
problems with dereliction
- lack of opportunity to regenerate/rebuild areas as any empty land is taken up by slums
- lack of government investment
- poor quality infrastructure
solutions to dereliction
- investment in better infrastructure
- training unemployed to build homes to replace slums
- more legislation to monitor slum settlements
- increase building on brownfield sites
biggest physical challenges faced in Mumbai?
- the monsoon weather
- flooding
- example of flooding in Mumbai
- what were the impacts?
- 29th August 2017
- 35 deaths
- power cut
- transport unavailable
- homes ruined
how will sea level rise affect Mumbai?
- Mumbai is only 14m above seas level
- estimated 40% of Mumbai will be underwater within the next 100 years
is Mumbai sustainable?
no
why is Mumbai unsustainable?
- overcrowding
- excessive waste
- social/economic inequalities
statistic on Mumbais overcrowding
- 1 million people live across 256 hectares of land
- 2000 people per acre
how has Mumbai combated over population?
- creation of New Bombay
- Monorail from north to south Mumbai
- planned 78 more monorails yet to be installed
What does New Bombay include?
- includes 20 residential hubs
- towns expanding over 400 hectares
- capable of holding 100,000 - 200,000 people
How does the monorail help to combat overpopulation issues?
- reduces traffic congestion
- reduces emissions
what is the estimated cost of investment to solve all transport, energy and water issues?
$40 trillion
ethnicity of the city
- 42% identify as Maharashtrian
- 19% are Guajaratis
how many major languages are spoken in Mumbai?
main language of city?
- 15
- Marathi
how many metric tonnes of rubbish are produced per day?
8500 metric tonnes
where does most rubbish end up?
Deonar landfill site
