Mumbai

Question 1

GDP per capita

Answer 1

£23,000

Question 2

Unemployment

Answer 2

5.5%

Question 3

Doctors per 1000 people

Answer 3

1.5

Question 4

Adult literacy rate

Answer 4

90%

Question 5

Murders per years

Answer 5

162

Question 6

Homeless

Answer 6

9 million

Question 7

Population

Answer 7

22 million

Question 8

Economic issues associated with urbanisation

Answer 8

Shortage of skilled engineers
Very low wages - avg. £1 per day
Little opportunity for sustainable income
Illness prevents working
Lack of space for businesses
15,000 one-room factories

Question 9

Social issues associated with urbanisation

Answer 9

Lack of sanitation - 1000 cases of diphtheria per day
Lack of access to clean water
Poor health
Lack of legal rights to land

Question 10

Environmental issues associated with urbanisation

Answer 10

Water pollution - 77% of households suffer
75000 metric tonnes of waste per day
Vermin + rats

Question 11

Functions of Mumbai

Answer 11

Bollywood - large film industry
Gov. - state employees are large % of workforce
40$ of foreign trade - port
Commercial capital - attracts TNCs

Question 12

SPARC - local-based improvement to slums

Answer 12

NGO with limited funding
Adding extra floor to buildings (14ft ceilings) to fit all the family
Shared toilets with 4-5 households - only works if water’s running
Housing the poor works best, costs less and is better for the environment when the poor have a say in it

Question 13

Vision Mumbai - large-scale improvement to slums

Answer 13

$2bil in funding
Dharavi is on high-value land next to financial sector
Relocating people in smaller homes in high-rise tower blocks to replace squatter settlements
Construction of sewage treatment plants, street lighting, CCTV, solar panels
Only people who have lived there since 2000 were to be relocated
Local industry (e.g. recycling) under threat as well as community feel

Question 14

Air pollution

Answer 14

Growing city - industry, burning of refuse, vehicle exhausts are ↑ emissions
132 micrograms per m^3 - 10th most in India. WHO recommendation is 20 micrograms
Tripling of heavy machinery like diggers
20% ↑ in deaths from air pollution
Bridge across sea to ease congestion
Monorail - ↓ congestion, ↓ pollution
↑ in cycling

Question 15

Water pollution

Answer 15

> 50% of India’s rivers are polluted
87% have access to toilet but leaking + incomplete sewage systems is leading to contamination of water systems
PM has made cleaning Ganges key priority
Infrastructural improvement and wastewater recycling
Ahmedabad - children paid to use public toilets as open defecation is a problem
↑ in number of public toilets

Question 16

Waste

Answer 16

Dharavi - 25% of people employed in recycling - people paid to take rubbish to recycling centre
Mumbai generates 11m tonnes/year
20% processed
80% goes to dumps