Multistore Model Of Memory Flashcards
What does SR stand for in the context of memory?
Sensory Register
Sensory Register is the initial stage of memory where sensory information is stored for a very short duration.
What is the capacity of Short-Term Memory (STM)?
7 ± 2 items
This concept was introduced by Miller, indicating that the average number of items an individual can hold in STM is between 5 to 9.
What is the duration range of Short-Term Memory?
18-30 seconds
This range indicates how long information can be retained in STM without rehearsal.
What is the main idea of the Multistore Model of Memory?
Memory consists of three stores: Sensory Register, Short-Term Memory, and Long-Term Memory
Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed this model to explain the flow of information through different memory systems.
Who conducted the experiment involving the recall of a 12-letter grid?
Sperling’s experiment demonstrated the capacity of the sensory register and the quick decay of visual information.
What does LTM stand for?
Long-Term Memory is the system for storing information over extended periods, often indefinitely.
Clive Wearing (opposing evidence)
Demonstrates LTM split into declarative and procedural memory
Viris destroyed D and not P memory. Could continue to play the piano but not remember events straight after they occur.
Contrasts MSM. Too simplistic
What was the finding of Peterson and Peterson’s study on memory?
Information decays quickly from STM without rehearsal
Their study on trigrams showed that recall decreases significantly after a short period without rehearsal.
What is chunking in memory?
Grouping information into larger, manageable units
Chunking helps increase the capacity of STM by organizing information into meaningful patterns.
According to Miller, what is the average digit span in STM?
7 ± 2 digits
This finding supports the idea that STM has a limited capacity, typically around 5 to 9 digits.
STM Coding- Baddeley
- Acoustically similar words
- Acoustically dissimilar words
- Semantically similar words
Baddeley’s research showed that STM primarily uses acoustic coding, but semantic coding also plays a role.
Fill in the blank: The average recall time for digits in Peterson and Peterson’s study was _______.
18-30 seconds
This indicates how long information can be retained in STM before significant decay occurs.
Miller (Supporting Evidence)
-STM capacity
-Study people trying to recall number sequences that gradually increase e.g. 84, 381
-Found on average, remember 7±2 digits
-Supports MSM, shows STM holds info for limited amounts of time
-CA: fails explain why we forget, just that we forget info after time
Baddley WMM (Alternative theory)
More detailed and flexible view
Accounts for multiple types of processing, not just acoustic
Contrasts MSM, seen as too simplistic, not split STM into different stores for different processing, doesn’t assume all information is stored in the same way
CA: fails explain what exactly these different roles do
LTM Capacity
Unlimited
Wagenaar, diary
LTM Duration
Lifetime
Bahrick et al, yearbook
LTM Coding
Semantically
Baddley
STM Coding
Echoically
Baddley, similar, dissimilar
SR Coding
Modality specific
SR Capacity
Very large
9 visual items
Sperling
