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PSY2002 > Multisensory integration - body schemas > Flashcards

Multisensory integration - body schemas Flashcards

1
Q

what tasks are seemingly easy for humans that are difficult for robots?

A

reaching, grasping, manipulating objects

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2
Q

what tasks are seemingly hard for humans that are easy for robots?

A

playing chess, solving logic puzzles

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3
Q

how are computers good at hard tasks?

A

use inference, pick best pathway from list of different objects, basic strategy

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4
Q

basic sensorimotor skills are hard to do with AI but its easy to make computers exhibit adult level performance on intelligence tests/playing chess. what paradox is this?

A

Moravec’s paradox

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5
Q

what senses are needed to light a match?

A

vision and touch

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6
Q

what 2 senses provide multi sensory integration?

A

vision and touch

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7
Q

for what type of tasks do we need to integrate information across different senses?

A

motor tasks

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8
Q

reference frame from vision =-

A

eye centred, retinal

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9
Q

reference frame for audition =

A

head centred, location of sound source with respect to ears

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10
Q

reference frame for touch =

A

body centred, location of tactile stimulus on skin

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11
Q

we need to convert between _______ ______ and to _____ ______

A

reference frames, external space

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12
Q

to get from an eye centred reference frame to a head reference frame what do you need to know?

A

the relative angle between the 2 frames > causes a shift in reference frame

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13
Q

eye > head = need to know orientation of?

A

eyes

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14
Q

head > body = need to know orientation of?

A

head

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15
Q

what required knowledge is needed to convert between reference frames?

A

relative position and orientation of body parts

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16
Q

relative position of body parts is called what?

A

body schema

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17
Q

what are the features of the body schema?

A

spatial coded, modular, updated with movement, adaptable, coherent, interpersonal

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18
Q

what happens every time we move?

A

our body schema is updated instantly

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19
Q

position of each body part in external space =

A

spatial coded

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20
Q

how do we know that the body schema is modular (different body parts processed in different brain regions)?

A

there are selective impairments for different body schemas

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21
Q

how is the body schema adaptable?

A

it changes when the body changes > with age, changes get incorporated into the body schema over time

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22
Q

how is the body schema coherent?

A

resolves perceptual conflicts between different senses > spatial continuity

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23
Q

observed actions are represented within the same body schema =

A

interpersonal

24
Q

what are the 3 types of body representation?

A

body schema, body image, body semantics

25
Q

sensorimotor representation that guides action =

A

body schema

26
Q

i can feel that i have a body =

A

body percept

27
Q

awareness of what the body looks like/is made up of =

A

body concept

28
Q

names for the different body parts =

A

body sematics

29
Q

what type of task did Heed & Azanon (2014) conduct to see if body posture affects perception?

A

temporal order judgement task

30
Q

what were the findings from Heed & Azanon’s study?

A

ppts did worse when arms crossed as body schema interfered, they mixed up which hand was stimulated when arms crossed

31
Q

when does the body schema start to develop?

A

6 months

32
Q

at 6 months the body schema starts to interfere with what?

A

tactile orientation

33
Q

what were the results from Begum ali et al, 2015 study on babies body schemas?

A

at 4 months no difference when feet were crossed (no inference) at 6 months more correct responses when feet were uncrossed (50% chance of correct reach > showed interference from body schema)

34
Q

do incongruent or congruent distractors lead to longer reaction times?

A

incongruent

35
Q

delay =

A

incongruent reaction time - congruent reaction time

36
Q

cross modal congruency was shown when a delay was due to ?

A

a visual distractor

37
Q

distractors lead to _____ delays

A

response

38
Q

same hand distractors lead to _______ delays than different hand distractors

A

longer

39
Q

the space immediately surrounding our bodies =

A

peripersonal space (PPS)

40
Q

objects within this can be grasped and manipulated immediately, not fixed (can contract and expand) =

A

PPS

41
Q

PPS can change depending on what 2 things?

A

environment, body posture

42
Q

what can be incorporated into the body schema during use to extend the body?

A

tools

43
Q

what effects also apply during tool use?

A

cross modal congruency effects

44
Q

when the tools are crossed (not arms) the _____ delay effects are seen during arm crossing. This shows tools become part of ______ _____

A

same, body schema

45
Q

list some of the disorders of body schema

A

Alice in Wonderland syndrome, autopagnosia, finger agnosia, phantom limbs

46
Q

distortion of size perception that can affect the whole body=

A

alice in wonderland syndrome

47
Q

body parts might appear smaller =

A

microsomatognosia

48
Q

body parts might appear bigger =

A

macrosomatognosia

49
Q

what is alice in wonderland syndrome associated with?

A

childhood and migraines

50
Q

inability to locate body, loss of spatial unity of body, patients know body parts but not how they fit together =

A

autopagnosia

51
Q

fused percept of fingers and no concept of individual fingers =

A

finger agnosia

52
Q

after limb loss presence of limbs still felt, includes agency over limb =

A

phantom limbs

53
Q

what are phantom limbs associated with?

A

pain

54
Q

how can phantom limbs change in size over time?

A

shrink, telescoping (body schema is not updated correctly)

55
Q

what is the neural basis of the body schema?

A

cross modal neurons

56
Q

neurons respond to both ______ and ______ stimuli

A

visual, tactile

57
Q

how are tools reflected in neural responses?

A

expansion of PPS during tool use

PSY2002 (8 decks)

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