Models of the brain Flashcards
what are the 3 streams?
neuroscience, psychology, artificial intelligence
what are some characteristics of AI?
logic, symbolic approach, machine learning
what was AIs first topic?
reasoning (looked at reasoning processes to create inference)
how are psychology, neuroscience and AI interlinked?
back and forth ideas and findings between the disciplines e.g. AI uses ideas from neuroscience such as learning in neural networks
what did Aristotle argue?
that its about the structure of the info rather than the specific meaning of words
how were machines first used in AI?
symbolic logic > manipulate symbols to automate the process of reasoning, begin solving problems by translating facts into symbols
what are the 3 types of models?
data-analysis model, box and arrow model, computational model
data driven, purely descriptive, correlational. what model is this?
data-analysis model
what are the 2 types of information processing models?
box and arrow model, computational model
conceptual, implicit assumptions, common in psych, general processes and how they link together, transformations of ideas/info = what model is this?
box and arrow model
information processing model implemented as a simulation, explicit assumptions, abstraction, runs on a computer in code/symbols = what type go model?
computational model
when studying a cognitive process we always employ models often explicit or implicit?
implicit
computational models make assumptions ______ so assumptions can then be tested
explicit
why do we use models?
allow implicit assumptions to become explicit, allows for prediction, gives explanation, abstraction and idealisation
models can be _______ even if not predictive
explanatory
how can models be applied to clinical research?
can help explain the broad causes and effects of disorders
what are the 3 levels in Marrs’ 3 levels of analysis?
computation, algorithm, implementation
looks at what the specific PROBLEM is that the system wants to solve, what is the goal = which level?
computation
looks at the specific APPROACH/RULES to solving the problem, how is the computational theory executed = which level?
algorithm
looks at HOW the problem is PHYSICALLY carried out = which level?
implementation
what are the 2 types of approach to Marrs’ 3 levels of analysis?
bottom up and top down
what is the order of bottom up?
implementation > algorithm > computation
what is the order of top down?
computation > algorithm > implementation
all levels are important but which level is particularly favoured by experimental techniques?
implementation
