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PSY 246 > Multiple Sclerosis and Other Demyelinating Disorders > Flashcards

Multiple Sclerosis and Other Demyelinating Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

which immune-mediated diseases resemble MS? (2)

A
  • acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

- systemic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases

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2
Q

which infection-mediated diseases resemble MS? (2)

A
  • progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (HIV & AIDS)

- human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1

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3
Q

which inherited disorder resembles MS?

A

dysmyelinating disorders (leukodystrophies)

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4
Q

which toxic disorders resemble MS? (2)

A
  • toxic optic neuropathy

- subacute myelo-optic neuropathy

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5
Q

what is MS?

A

an autoimmune disease involving the brain and spinal cord and a weakened blood brain barrier

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6
Q

what do the symptoms associated with MS depend on?

A

where the demyelination is and how severe it is

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7
Q

what are the sensory symptoms associated with MS? (3)

A
  • numbness
  • paresthesias (feeling things that aren’t really there)
  • electric shocks
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8
Q

what is neuritis? what does it cause?

A
  • inflammation of neurons in the vision system

- causes vision loss, pain around the eyes, inability to see colours

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9
Q

what is opthalmoplegia?

A

paralysis of muscles in or around the eye

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10
Q

what is diplopia?

A

double vision; general changes in visual acuity

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11
Q

what are the motor disturbances associated with MS? (8)

A
  • gait disturbance
  • balance problems
  • limb ataxia
  • slurred speech
  • coordination problems
  • weakness
  • swallowing problems
  • vertigo
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12
Q

what is the frequency of sensory disturbances in the limbs in people with MS?

A

30.7%

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13
Q

what is the frequency of visual loss in people with MS?

A

15.9%

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14
Q

what is the frequency of subacute motor disturbances in people with MS?

A

8.9%

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15
Q

what is the frequency of diplopia in people with MS?

A

6.8%

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16
Q

what is the frequency of gait disturbance in people with MS?

A

4.8%

17
Q

what is the frequency of acute motor disturbances in people with MS?

A

4.3%

18
Q

what is the frequency of balance problems in people with MS?

A

2.9%

19
Q

what is the frequency of sensory disturbances in the face of people with MS?

A

2.8%

20
Q

when is the typical onset for MS?

A

20-40 years of age

21
Q

what characteristics put people at a greater risk for developing MS? (2)

A
  • caucasian; northern European background

- living in a northern latitude during childhood

22
Q

relapsing-remitting MS

A

unpredictable attacks which may or may not leave permanent deficits followed by periods of remission

23
Q

secondary progressive MS

A

initial relapse-remitting MS that suddenly begins to have decline without periods of remission

24
Q

primary progressive MS

A

steady increase in disability without attacks

25
Q

progressive-relapsing MS

A

steady decline since onset with superimposed attacks

26
Q

what are the characteristics of relapsing-remitting MS? (4)

A
  • inflammation
  • most MS looks like this type at first
  • unpredictable attacks
  • complete recovery
27
Q

what triggers relapsing-remitting MS? (3)

A
  • weather changes
  • infections
  • stress
28
Q

what are the characteristics of secondary progressive MS? (4)

A
  • starts with relapsing-remitting and then gets worse
  • becomes malignant and impacts functioning
  • as it progresses neurological impairments stay after attacks and there are no more full remissions
  • most common form of MS
29
Q

what are the characteristics of primary progressive MS? (3)

A
  • no full remission
  • progressively worse symptoms
  • older age of onset (closer to age 40)
30
Q

what are the common neuropsychological impairments associated with MS? (5)

A
  • episodic memory
  • processing speed
  • working memory
  • executive functioning
  • visuospatial
31
Q

what percentage of people are not employed 5 years after being diagnosed with MS?

A

70-80%

PSY 246 (14 decks)

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