Aphasia

Question 1

Which hemisphere controls language in the vast majority of people?

Answer 1

left (dominant) hemisphere

Question 2

what does the anterior dominant cortex control?

Answer 2

expressive language (writing and speaking)

Question 3

what does the posterior dominant cortex control?

Answer 3

receptive language (reading and understanding)

Question 4

what does the right hemisphere play a significant role in?

Answer 4

prosodic aspects of language

Question 5

what does the nondominant anterior cortex control?

Answer 5

expressive prosody

Question 6

what does the nondominant posterior cortex control?

Answer 6

receptive prosody

Question 7

what are language deficits most commonly produced by?

Answer 7

focal lesions

Question 8

what is Broca’s Area responsible for? where is it located?

Answer 8

anterior structure that deals with the ability to speak and write

Question 9

Where is Wernicke’s Area located? what is it responsible for?

Answer 9

posterior structure responsible for understanding language

Question 10

what is the Arcuate Fasciculus responsible for?

Answer 10

connects Broca’s Area and Wernicke’s Area. Allows you to take in information, understand it, and be able to respond to it

Question 11

which cerebral arteries are import for language?

Answer 11

right middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery

Question 12

what happens when there is bilateral damage to the primary auditory area?

Answer 12

cortical deafness. Patient can’t hear despite ears still functioning

Question 13

what happens when there is damage to the left primary auditory area?

Answer 13

pure word deafness. Patient can’t hear/understand language but can hear sounds/tones

Question 14

what should language assessment include?

Answer 14

fluency, comprehension, and repetition are critical, naming, reading, and prosody are also important

Question 15

what structure is the relay centre of the brain?

Answer 15

the thalamus

Question 16

what are the symptoms of global aphasia?

Answer 16

speech: impaired
comprehension: impaired
reading: impaired
writing: impaired
repetition: impaired
anatomical association: left anterior and posterior

Question 17

what are the symptoms of Broca’s aphasia?

Answer 17

speech: impaired
comprehension: grossly intact
reading: grossly intact
writing: impaired
repetition: impaired
anatomical association: left posterior frontal (Broca’s area)

Question 18

what are the symptoms of Wernicke’s aphasia?

Answer 18

speech: fluent, but nonsensical
comprehension: impaired
reading: impaired
writing: grossly intact
repetition: mildly impaired, paraphasic
anatomical association: left posterior temporal/parietal (Wernicke’s area)

Question 19

what are the symptoms of mixed transcortical aphasia?

Answer 19

speech: impaired
comprehension: impaired
reading: impaired
writing: impaired
repetition: intact
anatomical association: left anterior and posterior sparing Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas

Question 20

what are the symptoms of transcortical motor aphasia?

Answer 20

speech: impaired
comprehension: typically intact
reading: typically intact
writing: impaired
repetition: typically intact
anatomical association: left anterior frontal with relative sparring of Broca’s area

Question 21

what are the symptoms of transcortical sensory aphasia?

Answer 21

speech: impaired
comprehension: impaired
reading: impaired
writing: typically intact
repetition: typically intact
anatomical association: posterior parietal/temporal cortical lesion with sparring of Wernicke’s area

Question 22

what are the symptoms of conduction aphasia?

Answer 22

speech: grossly intact, paraphasias
comprehension: intact
reading: intact for comprehension. oral reading poor due to paraphasias
writing: grossly intact
repetition: impaired, even for single words
anatomical association: lesion of the arcuate fasciclus

Question 23

what are the symptoms of anomic aphasia?

Answer 23

speech: intact
comprehension: intact
repetition: intact
naming: impaired
reading: intact

Question 24

what are the symptoms of aphemia/pure word mutism?

Answer 24

speech: mute, only can write
comprehension: intact
repetition: intact
naming: mute, able to write
reading: intact

Question 25

what are the symptoms of alexia without agraphia (and pure word blindness)?

Answer 25

speech: intact, but cannot read aloud
comprehension: intact
repetition: intact
naming: intact
reading: impaired

Question 26

how does the right hemisphere contribute to language?

Answer 26

allows for good auditory comprehension of language

Question 27

what happens if the left hemisphere is removed in childhood?

Answer 27

the right hemisphere can acquire language

Question 28

what happens if the left hemisphere is removed in adulthood?

Answer 28

severe deficits in speech but still good auditory comprehension

Question 29

what occurs if the right hemisphere is removed?

Answer 29

subtle changes in language comprehension can occur