Aphasia Flashcards
Which hemisphere controls language in the vast majority of people?
left (dominant) hemisphere
what does the anterior dominant cortex control?
expressive language (writing and speaking)
what does the posterior dominant cortex control?
receptive language (reading and understanding)
what does the right hemisphere play a significant role in?
prosodic aspects of language
what does the nondominant anterior cortex control?
expressive prosody
what does the nondominant posterior cortex control?
receptive prosody
what are language deficits most commonly produced by?
focal lesions
what is Broca’s Area responsible for? where is it located?
anterior structure that deals with the ability to speak and write
Where is Wernicke’s Area located? what is it responsible for?
posterior structure responsible for understanding language
what is the Arcuate Fasciculus responsible for?
connects Broca’s Area and Wernicke’s Area. Allows you to take in information, understand it, and be able to respond to it
which cerebral arteries are import for language?
right middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery
what happens when there is bilateral damage to the primary auditory area?
cortical deafness. Patient can’t hear despite ears still functioning
what happens when there is damage to the left primary auditory area?
pure word deafness. Patient can’t hear/understand language but can hear sounds/tones
what should language assessment include?
fluency, comprehension, and repetition are critical, naming, reading, and prosody are also important
what structure is the relay centre of the brain?
the thalamus
what are the symptoms of global aphasia?
speech: impaired
comprehension: impaired
reading: impaired
writing: impaired
repetition: impaired
anatomical association: left anterior and posterior
what are the symptoms of Broca’s aphasia?
speech: impaired
comprehension: grossly intact
reading: grossly intact
writing: impaired
repetition: impaired
anatomical association: left posterior frontal (Broca’s area)
what are the symptoms of Wernicke’s aphasia?
speech: fluent, but nonsensical
comprehension: impaired
reading: impaired
writing: grossly intact
repetition: mildly impaired, paraphasic
anatomical association: left posterior temporal/parietal (Wernicke’s area)
what are the symptoms of mixed transcortical aphasia?
speech: impaired
comprehension: impaired
reading: impaired
writing: impaired
repetition: intact
anatomical association: left anterior and posterior sparing Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas
what are the symptoms of transcortical motor aphasia?
speech: impaired
comprehension: typically intact
reading: typically intact
writing: impaired
repetition: typically intact
anatomical association: left anterior frontal with relative sparring of Broca’s area
what are the symptoms of transcortical sensory aphasia?
speech: impaired
comprehension: impaired
reading: impaired
writing: typically intact
repetition: typically intact
anatomical association: posterior parietal/temporal cortical lesion with sparring of Wernicke’s area
what are the symptoms of conduction aphasia?
speech: grossly intact, paraphasias
comprehension: intact
reading: intact for comprehension. oral reading poor due to paraphasias
writing: grossly intact
repetition: impaired, even for single words
anatomical association: lesion of the arcuate fasciclus
what are the symptoms of anomic aphasia?
speech: intact
comprehension: intact
repetition: intact
naming: impaired
reading: intact
what are the symptoms of aphemia/pure word mutism?
speech: mute, only can write
comprehension: intact
repetition: intact
naming: mute, able to write
reading: intact
what are the symptoms of alexia without agraphia (and pure word blindness)?
speech: intact, but cannot read aloud
comprehension: intact
repetition: intact
naming: intact
reading: impaired
how does the right hemisphere contribute to language?
allows for good auditory comprehension of language
what happens if the left hemisphere is removed in childhood?
the right hemisphere can acquire language
what happens if the left hemisphere is removed in adulthood?
severe deficits in speech but still good auditory comprehension
what occurs if the right hemisphere is removed?
subtle changes in language comprehension can occur
