Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

what is the age of onset of Alzheimer’s Disease?

A

most commonly after 65 years of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is Alzheimer’s Disease characterized by?

A

predominant memory changes - unable to learn or retain new information, reduced access to general knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the age of onset of frontotemporal dementias?

A

50th decade of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 3 main variants of frontotemporal dementias?

A
  • frontal/behavioural (pick’s)
  • progressive non-fluent (primary progressive aphasia)
  • semantic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the characteristics of semantic frontotemporal dementia?

A

neurodegeneration occurs more diffusely through the temporal lobes and into the parietal lobe.
Patient loses concept area, dictionary in the brain, facts, semantic memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the characteristics of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy?

A
  • vertical gaze palsy
  • postural instability
  • positive result on neurological exam for rigidity, dysphagia and dysarthria, and frontal release signs
  • apathy, impaired verbal fluency, impaired reasoning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the characteristics of corticobasal ganglionic degeneration?

A
  • parkinsonism usually lateralized
  • ataxic gait
  • apraxia - possibly even foreign limb
  • attention/executive function on neuropsychological profile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the age of onset for diffuse lewy body disease?

A

variable, between 50-70 years of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is diffuse lewy body disease characterized by?

A
  • motor dysfunction - parkinsonism, fluctuations in consciousness, visual hallucinations
  • REM behaviour movement disorder (acting out dreams)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the age of onset for vascular dementia?

A

no clear answer - widely variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what damage occurs in classic cortical vascular dementia?

A

stepwise deterioration associated with repeated strokes or transient ischemic attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what damage occurs in subcortical vascular dementia?

A

single strategic stroke, or small cumulative strokes (white matter disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the characteristics of mild cognitive impairment?

A
  • impairment in one or more cognitive domain
  • no substantial functional impairment
  • not severe enough to impact functioning in daily life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the characteristics of chronic traumatic encephalopathy?

A
  • mild cognitive impairment
  • microstructural changes in white matter
  • functional changes in brain metabolism
  • molecular changes
  • psychiatric symptoms (increased risk of suicide)
  • interacts with genetic vulnerability, and drug and alcohol use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the characteristics of alcohol related brain damage?

A
  • structural and functional changes in the brain
  • thiamine deficiency, which can lead to Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff’s
  • multifaceted changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the characteristics of normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A
  • can be reversible
  • rapid onset
  • urinary incontinence, apraxic gait, psychomotor slowing- confusion
  • attention and executive function in neuropsychological evaluation, retrieval deficit, apathy
17
Q

what are the risk factors for dementia?

A
  • cognitive reserve
  • diet
  • glucose control
  • lipid control
  • cardiovascular health