Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the role of the myelin sheath?

A

Insulates the nerve axon enabling rapid conduction of impulses to and from the brain.

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2
Q

Signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis

A

Poor vision, balance problems, fatigue, muscle spasms, cognitive problems, speech difficulties, anxiety, depression, bladder and bowl dysfunction

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3
Q

What is the underlying pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis

A

It is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system where the myelin sheath surrounding particular nerve fibres becomes damaged resulting in inflammation and scarring and ultimately impaired conduction of nerve impulses.

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4
Q

Sustained progression without relapses

A

Primary progressive multiple sclerosis

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5
Q

Periods of good health (remission) are followed by the sudden onset of symptoms (relapses)

A

Relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis

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6
Q

A later stage of relapsing remitting MS where symptoms become more frequent or there are fewer remissions

A

Secondary progressive MS

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7
Q

What is the most common age range to be diagnosed with MS?

A

20-40 years old

Higher prevalence of MS in females compared to males

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8
Q

Where in the world is MS most prominent

A

Populations furthest away from the equator!

Scotland has the highest incidence of MS in the UK!

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9
Q

Approximately how many people are living with MS in the UK

A

100,000

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10
Q

Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis

A

Disease modifying therapies
Steroids
Interferon

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11
Q

Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is characterised by

A

A build up in disability

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12
Q

Give a symptom not linked with MS

A

Hair loss

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13
Q

Not a treatment for MS

A

Antibiotics

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14
Q

MS usually occurs in age

A

20-40

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15
Q

Cells that create and maintain the myelin sheath

A

Oligodendrocytes

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