Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards
2 key ideas of MS
Demyelination of CNS due to T4 hypersensitivity reaction
MS only affects CNS coz Abs only attack a CNS specific gilial cell
Oligodendrocytes
At the start of MS onset symptoms may improve due to initial
Remyelination
(Just to be aware)
- 1ry progressive
- relapse/remitting
- 2ry progressive
- progressive relapse
- 1ry progressive —> steadily gets worse
- relapse/remitting —> intermittent; worse after each time
- 2ry progressive —> relapse/remit; worse after each time
- progressive relapse —> gets worse but sometimes slower
Chromosome linked to MS
HLA DR2
Age and sex where MS is common
Young female
Vit deficiency that increases the risk of MS
D
Viral infection that increases the risk
EBV
Symptoms of focal weakness seen in MS (4)
- Bell’s palsy
- Horner’s syndrome
- limb paralysis
- incontinence
Types of ataxia seen in MS
- sensory
- cerebellar
Sensory symptoms seen in MS
- numbness
- paraesthesia
- tingling
- trigeminal neuralgia
2 symptoms of optic neuritis manifestations in MS
- blurry vision
- blurred optic disc
2 symptoms of abducens nerve palsy seen in MS
- internuclear ophthamoplegia
- conjugate lateral gaze disorders
What is Lhermitte’s sign and what is it a result of
- electric shock when neck flexes
- transverse myelitis
3 symptoms of chariot’s triad seen in MS
- dysarthia
- intention tremor
- nystagmus
Explain the phenomenon of disambiguated time and space of MS symptoms
Diff nerves are affected in different locations at different times
MS MRI shows
White matter plaques
MS CSF shows
Oligoclonal bands
MRI dependent criteria that is used to distinguish MS from other neurological conditions
McDonald’s
When (and what) to use corticosteroids
- acute attacks
- IV methylprednisolone
Function of interferon beta
Reduces progression in relapsing/remitting MS (RRMS)
Is atrophy seen in UMN or LMN lesion
LMN lesion
Increased reflexes is seen in … lesion where as decreased reflexes is seen in … lesion
- UMN
- LMN
Is fasciculations seen in UMN or LMN lesion
LMN lesion
Increased tone is seen in …. lesion whereas decreased tone is seen in … lesion
- UMN
- LMN
Extensor response is absent in … lesion
UMN
