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Y3 Neurology Conditions > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

Epilepsy is

A

Tendency to have seizures

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2
Q

Seizures are

A

Transient episodes of abnormal electrical activity

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3
Q

Most common seizures

A

Generalise tonic-clonic

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4
Q

Features of generalised tonic-clonic seizures

A
  • loss of consciousness
  • tonic (muscle tensing)
  • clonic (muscle jerking)
  • tongue biting
  • incontinence
  • groaning
  • irregular breathing
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5
Q

Duration & timing of post-ictal period

A
  • prolonged

- after seizures

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6
Q

Features of post-octal period

A
  • confused
  • drowsy
  • irritable
  • depressed
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7
Q

1st line Mx generalised tonic-clonic seizures

A

Sodium valproate

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8
Q

2nd line Mx generalised tonic-clonic seizures

A
  • lamotrigine

- carbamazepine

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9
Q

Location of focal seizures

A

Temporal bone

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10
Q

Effects of focal seizures

A
  • hearing
  • speech
  • memory
  • emotions
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11
Q

Presentations of focal seizures

A
  • hallucinations
  • memory flashbacks
  • deja vu
  • doing strange things on autopilot
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12
Q

1st line Mx of focal seizures (reverse tonic-clonic)

A
  • carbamazepine

- lamotrigine

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13
Q

2nd line Ms of focal seizures (reverse tonic-clonic)

A
  • sodium valproate

- levetiracetam

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14
Q

Absence seizures are common in

A

Children

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15
Q

Describe journey of absence seizures

A

Patient becomes blank, stare into space, return to normal

Unaware of surrounding, unresponsive

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16
Q

Duration of absence seizures

A

10-20 secs

17
Q

If kids dont grow out of absence seizures what is 1st line Tx

A
  • sodium valproate

- ethosuximide

18
Q

Atomic seizure is (drop attacks)

A

Brief lapses in muscle tone

19
Q

Duration of atomic seizure

A

<3 mins

20
Q

Syndrome associated with atomic seizures in children

A

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

21
Q

1st line Mx atomic seizures

A

Sodium valproate

22
Q

2nd line Mx atomic seizures

A

Lamotrigine

23
Q

Presentation of myoclonic seizures

A

Sudden brief muscle contractions

24
Q

Is the patient awake during myoclonic seizures?

A

Yes

25
Q

Epi of myoclonic seizures

A
  • children

- juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

26
Q

Infantile spasms are seen in (rare)

A
  • west syndrome

- children (6m)

27
Q

How many with infantile spasms die by 25

A

1/3rd

28
Q

If Tx is possible for infantile spasms, what is 1st line

A
  • prednisolone

- vigabatrin

29
Q

Status epilepticus are how many seizures in an hour and how long do they last for

A
  • > 3

- >3mins

30
Q

1st line Mx status epilepticus

A

IV lorazepam

31
Q

2nd line Mx status epilepticus

A
  • phenobarbital

- phenytoin

Y3 Neurology Conditions (11 decks)

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