Multiple Regression

Question 1

What are the aims of a multiple regression? (2)

Answer 1

a) Determine overall fit of a model

b) Establish relative contributions of the predictor variables

Question 2

What is the MR equation?

Answer 2

Y = a + b1 x1 + b2 x2

Question 3

In the MR equation (Y = a + b1 x1 + b2 x2 etc), what do a and b represent?

Answer 3

A = intercept 
B = slope

Question 4

The variance in Y is explained by…(2)

Answer 4

1. The IV

2. Residual error variance

Question 5

An MR assumes that IVs are ______ and ______ _______related to IV

Answer 5

Collectively
Independently
Linearly

Question 6

4 assumptions of a multiple regression?

Answer 6

1) Linear relationship
2) Homoscedasticity
3) Normal distribution
4) Large sample size

Question 7

What values do we look at to determine HOW WELL THE MODEL FITS?

Answer 7

F
Df
P
R2

Question 8

The R2 tells us

Answer 8

The proportion of variance in the DV explained by the IVs

Question 9

“The proportion of variance in the DV explained by the IVs” What in the SPSS output tells us this?

Answer 9

R2

Question 10

The regression equation (SPSS output)…

Answer 10

F = (df), p =, R2

Question 11

What do the B values tell us in the coefficients table?

Answer 11

Change in the DV for every one unit of change in the IV

Question 12

“Change in the DV for every one unit of change in the IV” - what tells us this?

Answer 12

B weights

Question 13

B weights may either be positive or negative to indicate…

Answer 13

The direction of change

Question 14

Which values do we look at in the coefficients table?

Answer 14

B Value,

Significance

Question 15

What should the table of coefficients include?

Answer 15

B, SEb & Beta

Question 16

Which 4 factors might we look at to determine the models overall fit?

Answer 16

1. Multiple Correlation Coefficient
2. Significance of overall model
3. Percentage variance explained
4. Precisions of predictions from model

Question 17

What are the three entry options of an MR?

Answer 17

Direct
Hierarchical
Stepwise

Question 18

Which entry option involves simultaneous entry?

Answer 18

Direct entry

Question 19

Which entry option involves a user-determined-order entry?

Answer 19

Hierarchical

Question 20

Hierarchical entry is usually based on…

Answer 20

Theory

Question 21

Hierarchical Entry

After IVs are added, the increase in…

Answer 21

R2 is examined

Question 22

Which entry option involves an SPSS-determined order?

Answer 22

Stepwise

Question 23

Which entry option comes with the most limitations?

Answer 23

Stepwise

Question 24

Direct Entry

How can we see the independent contributions?

Answer 24

Standardised beta and significance

Question 25

2 Limitations of Step-wise entry?

Answer 25

(i) May capitalise on chance relationships

(ii) An important predictor may be excluded due to its correlation with another variable

Question 26

Describe Hierarchical Entry

Answer 26

User-determined order based on theory

Question 27

Describe step-wise entry

Answer 27

Discarded step-by-step according to statistical criteria

Highest correlating variable entered first

Question 28

Step-wise entry

Which variable is entered first?

Answer 28

Highest-correlating variable

Question 29

You would use the entry to assess the effect of one group of predictors over and above that of another

Answer 29

Hierarchical

Question 30

Hierarchical entry

Who determines the order of entry?

Answer 30

Researcher

Question 31

In all 3 types of MR, both ________ statistics and ________ statistics should be reported

Answer 31

Strength

Significance

Question 32

Gender is a ____________ variable

Answer 32

Dichotomous

Question 33

For HIERARCHICAL REGRESSION, when reporting the R2 CHANGE, do you report the F value from the ANOVA table?

Answer 33

No - model summary table