multiple myeloma Flashcards
1
Q
what is multiple myeloma
A
- a malignancy of plasma cells
- replace bone marrow
- destroy bone
- can form tumors
2
Q
In multiple myeloma, plasma cells secrete what that create hyperviscosity and renal failure
A
paraproteins (abnormal immunoglobulin fragments)
3
Q
In multiple myeloma, as the plasma cells replace bone, what signs and symptoms occur
A
- pancytopenia: deficiency of all three cellular components of the blood (red cells, white cells, and platelets)
- bone pain
- osteoporosis
- hypercalcemia
4
Q
diagnosis of multiple myeloma
A
- protein elecrophoresis on blood or urine shows paraproteins
- see M-spike (Monoclonal spike)
- Bence Jones proteins in urine
5
Q
multiple myeloma is more common in what ethnicity
A
african americans
6
Q
multiple myeloma presents with pain in what two main areas without any h/o trauma
A
- back pain
- bone pain
7
Q
What is hyperviscosity syndrome (caused by paraproteins) causes what symptoms
A
- spontaneous bleeding from mucous membranes
- visual disturbances due to retinopathy
- neurologic symptoms
- HA
- vertigo
- sz
- coma
8
Q
bence jones proteins in urine are indicative of what disease
A
multiple myeloma
9
Q
What diagnostic study results are indicative of multiple myeloma
A
CRAB
- Calcium > 10.5
- Renal insufficiency (Cre > 2)
- Anemia (Hbg < 10)
- Bone lesions
10
Q
treatment of multiple myeloma
A
IV bisphosphonates
