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hematology > multiple myeloma > Flashcards

multiple myeloma Flashcards

1
Q

what is multiple myeloma ?

A

neoplasm of plasma cells which secrete antibodies

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2
Q

what is multiple myeloma preceded by in virtually all cases ?

A

MGUS
monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

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3
Q

what is the clinical picture of multiple myeloma ?

A

CRAB HAI
hypercalcemia
renal impairment
anemia
Bone pathology
hyperviscosity
amyloid deposition
infection

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4
Q

what are the main causes of M protein ?

A

MGUS
multiple myeloma
AL amyloidosis

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5
Q

what is the defining criteria of MM ?

A

more than 10% of plasma cells in peripheral blood or a biopsy proven plasmacytoma
along with one of thee CRAB symptoms

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6
Q

what is the median survival of standard risk myeloma ?

A

6-7 years

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7
Q

what is the median survival of high risk myeloma ?

A

2-3 years

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8
Q

what investigations are to be performed for cases of multiple myeloma ?

A

serum protein electrophoresis
urine bence jones proteins
skeletal survey
bone marrow biopsy

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9
Q

what is the classic presentation of bone lesions in multiple myeloma ?

A

multiple
well circumscribed
lytic
punched out lesions

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10
Q

how does electrophoresis separate proteins ?

A

according to size and charge
requires serum not plasma

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11
Q

what is the thickest band when performing electrophoresis on a normal serum sample ?

A

albumin

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12
Q

when is haptoglobin increased and when iis it decreased ?

A

increased ass an acute phase reactant
decreased in intravascular haemolysis

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13
Q

what is high IgA characteristic off ?

A

liver disease

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14
Q

wheen is amyloidosis more common in multiple myeloma ?

A

when the paraprotein is a free light chain

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15
Q

what are bence jones proteins ?

A

immunoglobulin light chain found in the urine

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16
Q

in a patient with suspected multiple myeloma if i don’t find hypergammaglobulinemia what is the next best step ?

A

check urine for bence jones proteins

17
Q

iff the CT scan for a SAh is equivocal what is the next best step ?

A

check CSF for xanthochromia

18
Q

what is found in CSF in MS ?

A

oligoclonal bands

19
Q

what test is performed in order to know what type of immunoglobulin is in the disease ?

A

immunofixation

20
Q

what is seen in peripheral blood smear of multiple myeloma ?

A

plasma cells
rouleaux formation

21
Q

what type of anemia is in multiple myeloma

A

normochromic normocytic

hematology (15 decks)

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