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17- SA- Musculoskeletal Disease > Multiple limb lameness > Flashcards

Multiple limb lameness Flashcards

1
Q

Describe panosteitis

A

inflammatory condition in multiple long bones. Most common in the young male (<2 years) German shepherd dog

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2
Q

List the causes of multiple limb lameness (10)

A

generalised osteoarthritis
panosteitis
septic arthritis
lyme disease
endocarditis and associated polyarthritis
pulmonary osteopathy
metaphyseal osteopathy
rickets
nutritional hyperparathyroidism
immune mediated arthritis

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of multiple limb lameness

A

immune mediated arthritis

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4
Q

what causes of multiple limb lameness are young dogs/ cats most likely to have

A

young dogs are more prone to vaccine associated polyarthritis, panosteitis and viral causes such as calici virus infection in the cat

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5
Q

which limbs should you radiograph in cases of multi limb lameness

A

radiograph all the joints showing clinical signs and others

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6
Q

Which joints is arthrocentesis generally performed on

A

carpus
elbow
tarsus
stifle

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7
Q

what would you expect to see on cytology of synovial fluid in immune mediated diseases

A

increased white cells, predominantly neutrophils

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8
Q

what are active foamy macrophages in synovial fluid in multi limb lameness case suggest

A

consistent with degerneative joint disease

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9
Q

List the 2 erosive forms of immune mediated polyarthritis

A

rheumatoid arthritis
chronic feline erosive progressive polyarthritis

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10
Q

when there is a multi limb lameness with pyrexia what should be considered

A

immune mediated polyarthritis if no obvious cause is identified

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11
Q

Describe type 1 immune mediate non-erosive polyarthritis

A

no underlying disease detected (idiopathic-the most common form)

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12
Q

Describe type 2 immune mediate non-erosive polyarthritis

A
  • associated with infection elsewhere e.g. respiratory or urinary tract infection. May spontaneously resolve with treatment of the underlying condition or require immunosuppression
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13
Q

Descrribe type 3 immune mediate non-erosive polyarthritis

A

associated with GI disease

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14
Q

Describe type 4 immune mediated non-erosive polyarthiris

A

associated with neoplasia

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15
Q

Describe Shar Pei fever

A

common and characteristic of the breed
juvenile onset
pyrexia
Swollen hock joint although swelling is primarily periarticular

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16
Q

What occurs in rheumatoid arthritis

A

Loss of articular surfaces and collapse of joint space and subluxation of the joints
it is severe and debilitating

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17
Q

Describe how to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis

A

Synovial biopsies show typical changes

Several diagnostic criteria need to be satisfied to make this diagnosis

18
Q

Describe the porgnosis of rheumatoid arthritis

A

poor and euthanasia is often required but is better in the cat

19
Q

Describe treatment for erosive polyarthritis

A

very few work- euthanasia is often recommended

20
Q

Describe erosive feline chronic progressive polyarthritis

A

A rare condition most common in the young male
A destructive polyarthritis.
Will see marked proliferative reaction around the joints
aggressive and debilitating condition
Responds poorly to treatment

21
Q

What do you see with polyarthritis due to endocarditis

A

Intermittent pyrexia, lethargy and weight loss associated with several bacterial isolates
Rapidly developing cardiac murmur often diastolic

22
Q

Describe how to diagnose polyarthritis due to endocarditis

A

echocardiography and blood culture ( at least 3 samples taken at periods of pyrexia)

23
Q

Describe how to treat endocarditis (polyarthritis)

A

long courses of ABs due to culture and anti-thrombotics

24
Q

Describe how to treat immune-mediated multi limb lameness

A

treatment of the underlying cause in Types II, III and IV may result in the resolution of the signs but often immunosuppression is required (generally prednisolone)

25
Q

Describe the clinical signs seen with myopathies

A

short strides (signs seen in polyartitis)
muscle atrophy
pyrexia in inflammatory myopathies
pain in the temporal muscles
reduced muscle tone and local reflexes

26
Q

List 3 inflammmatory myopathies

A

Masticatory muscle myositis (MMM)
Immune mediated disease
protozoal infections

27
Q

List 4 non-inflammatory groups of myopathies

A

genetic disorders
corticosteroid induced
endocrine associated
metabolic abnormalities

28
Q

Describe how to diagnose myopathies

A

clinical exam
muscle biopsy- most important diagnostic step

29
Q

Which muscles do you take muscle biopsies from

A

quadriceps
biceps femoris
triceps

collect them along the length of the fibres

30
Q

Describe how to treat inflammatory myopathies

A

Antibiotics for protozoal infections e.g. clindamycin
Immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids if autoimmune disease suspected

31
Q

Describe how to treat non-infalmmatory myopathies (Breed associated genetic myopathies )

A

diagnose with muscle biopsy
no treatment

32
Q

Describe how to treat non-infalmmatory myopathies (metabolic conditions(

A

dietary modifications may help these conditions

33
Q

Describe how to treat non-infalmmatory myopathies (endocrine associated myopathies)

A

treat the underlying condition

34
Q

Describe myotonias

A

increased tone and poor relaxation after muscle stimulation
Persistent dimpling after percussion with a hammer
Chow chows and miniature schnauzers

35
Q

Describe how to treat myotonias

A

procainamide mixelitine and phenytoin

36
Q

is primary or secondary osteoarthritis more common

A

secondary

37
Q

does septic arthritis occur in older or younger animals

A

in younger dogs it occurs more in multiple joints

in older dogs it occurs more in a single joint

38
Q

what pathogen causes Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

39
Q

what is pulmonary osteopathy

A

paraneoplastic syndrome with proliferative new bone on the limbs - aetiology unclear

40
Q

How long can it take for Borelia infection to become apparent

A

2-5 months

17- SA- Musculoskeletal Disease (20 decks)

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