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17- SA- Musculoskeletal Disease > 1- Investigation and management of the juvenile lame animal > Flashcards

1- Investigation and management of the juvenile lame animal Flashcards

1
Q

T/F cats rarely suffer from specific juvenile disease

A

True

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2
Q

What juvenile disease are rottweilers predisposed to

A

medial coronoid disease

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3
Q

What juvenile disease are border collies predisposed to

A

shoulder OCD

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4
Q

What is Perthes disease also known as

A

Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head

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5
Q

which breeds are predisposed to perthes dsease

A

The toy and small dog <6 months old.

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6
Q

List 3 clinical signs of Perthe’s disease

A

Often marked muscle atrophy (particularly the gluteal muscles)
Considerable pain on extension of the hips
Crepitus on manipulation of hips

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7
Q

List 4 radiographic findings of Perthes disease

A

Mottled appearance to femoral neck and head due to areas of lucency

A misshapen and often triangular shape to femoral head

Secondary osteoarthritic changes

Loss of muscle mass

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8
Q

Describe conservative management of Perthe’s disease

A

NSAIDs, neutraceutrical - pain management
physioltherapy
rarely successful

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9
Q

Describe the surgical management of Perthes disease

A

Femoral head and neck excision
OR
Total hip replacement

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10
Q

What is the prognosis of Perthes disease

A

After surgery - small dogs manage well on three legs therefore rehab with analgesia

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11
Q

At what age does Metaphyseal osteopathy tend to occur

A

<6 months

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12
Q

how do animals with Metaphyseal osteopathy tend to appear

A

Severe and excruciating painful swelling to the metaphyseal region of all limbs
Pyrexic and systemically unwell

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13
Q

List 4 clinical signs of Metaphyseal osteopathy

A

unable to walk
pyrexic and inappetant
Painful swellings to the distal limbs particularly the radius ulna and tibia

Associated pitting oedema over the metaphyseal regions

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14
Q

List 4 radiographic findings of metaphyseal osteopathy

A

soft tissue swelling
Ill defined lucency parallel to the physis
Periosteal lifting with mineralisation
The bridging of the physis by the inflammatory change can result in angular limb deformities

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15
Q

Decribe how to treat metaphyseal osteopathy

A

hospitalisation
Multi-modal analgesia including opiates and constant rate infusions
Corticosteroids
IV fluids
tube feeding if inappetant

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16
Q

what is the prognosis of metaphyseal osteopathy

A

good to fair
these dogs prone to further autoimmune diseases

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17
Q

What causes metaphyseal osteopathy

A

unknown aetiology

18
Q

what is the most common joint affected by septic arthritis

A

elbow

19
Q

what can polyarthritis follow in the cat

A

can occur with calici virus infection

20
Q

describe the signalment of Craniomandibular osteopathy

A

small terriers
<6 months

21
Q

describe Craniomandibular osteopathy-

A

painful condition of the mandible and occasionally long bones
soft tissue swelling and oedema to jaw
Systemically unwell and pyrexic
With chronicity becomes progressively difficult to open the mouth

22
Q

List a radiographic findings seen with Craniomandibular osteopathy

A

Characteristic palisading (battlement-like) new bone to the mandible
The temporomandibular joint may be involved
Similar changes seen in the long bones

23
Q

Describe how to treat craniomandibular osteopathy

A

analgesia- NSAD
corticosteroids
fluids and enteral support

24
Q

What is the prognosis of craniomandibular osteopathy

A

This can be guarded as cases are difficult to manage and distressing for dog and owner

Long term sequelae are not uncommon including reduced opening of the mouth
making eating and subsequent endotracheal intubation difficult

25
Q

describe the signalment of panosteitis

A

Seen in the young dog less than one year of age

GSD and males are over represented

26
Q

List the clinical signs of panosteitis

A

Often the dog is depressed and can be pyrexic
Lameness can be severe and the dog may not weight bear
Pain on palpation of the diaphysis

27
Q

List the radiographic signs of panosteitis

A

Loss of normal trabecula pattern particularly around the nutrient foramen
Endosteal and periosteal new bone
Can sometimes take a while for radiographic signs to occur- radiograph 2 weeks after signs

28
Q

Describe how to treat panosteitis

A

rest and analgesia
Advise the owner that this is an episodic condition usually lasting a week and is self limiting

29
Q

what is the prognosis of panosteitis

A

excellent

The episodes of acute lameness will become less severe and less frequent

Most cases have resolved by the time the dog is 1 year old

30
Q

what causes rickets

A

lack of vitamin D

31
Q

what occurs in rickets

A

The growth plates are widened due to poor or delayed mineralisation of the cartilage

32
Q

what is the treatment of rickets

A

provision of a balanced diet containing adequate amounts of vitamin D and exposure to sunlight

33
Q

what can rickets look like

A

nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (which is way more common than rickets)

34
Q

Decsribe how to treat pituitary dwartfism

A

Treatment is with cortisol, thyroxine and progestogens
life expectancy reduced - but can last

35
Q

How to angular limb deformities occur

A

They occur in the young growing animal when one of two or part of a growth plate closes prematurely

This arises from either trauma or bridging with periosteal bone

36
Q

Define valgus abgular limb deformities

A

Valgus is a lateral deviation of the distal limb

37
Q

what is a varus limb deformitiy

A

Varus is medial deviation of the distal limb

38
Q

what is a femoral head and neck osteotomy

A

remove the entirety of the femoral head and neck

39
Q

why should you always take post op radiographs after a femoral head and neck excision

A

to ensure you have removed enough of the femoral neck

40
Q

what does angular limb deformity treatment depend on

A

whether the limb is still growing or not

41
Q

what is the angular limb deformity CORA

A

centre of rotation of angulation - determines the place where corrective treatment should be performed

42
Q

List 2 ways to fix angular limb deformities

A

closed wedge osteotomy- wedge is removed
OR
lateral open wedge osteotomy- wedge is added

17- SA- Musculoskeletal Disease (20 decks)

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