Mature lame animal 3

Question 1

List 3 common ligament injuries

Answer 1

plantar and palmar to hock and carpus
collaterals
cruciates

Question 2

Describe a first degree ligament injury - and how to treat

Answer 2

few collagen fibres broken
swelling
rest, NSAIDs and cold compress

Question 3

Describe second degree ligament injuries - how to treat

Answer 3

marked damage to fibres
haematoma
loss of some function
support dressing, NSAIDs, cold compress, rest for 3-6 monts

Question 4

Describe a third degree ligamant injuries - how to treat

Answer 4

Complete rupture or avulsion from insertion/origin
Primary repair if possible c.f. cruciate or Support repair
Arthrodesis for carpal and tarsal hyperextension and resulting subluxation

Question 5

define joint incongruent

Answer 5

joint surfaces are abnormal in shape and do not articulate perfectly

Question 6

define joint dysplasia

Answer 6

abnormal joint development

Question 7

define joint subluxation

Answer 7

joint surfaces displaced but maintain some contact

Question 8

define joint luxation

Answer 8

no contact maintained between joint surfaces luxation described by the position of the distal articular joint surface

Question 9

what breeds are more likely to get congenital shoulder luxations

Answer 9

toy breeds

Question 10

what breed is most likely to get congenital elbow luxation

Answer 10

staffordshire bull terrier

Question 11

Describe consevative management of congenital luxations

Answer 11

analgesia
weight restriction
physio

Question 12

what is almost always a consequence of traumatic luxations

Answer 12

traumatic arthritis

Question 13

How do we manage traumatic luxations

Answer 13

surgery (either closed or open reduction - relocation of the joint)

Question 14

What should you always do after reducing a luxation

Answer 14

take an x-ray to confirm

Question 15

Define arthroplasty

Answer 15

excision or replacement of a joint

Question 16

define arthrodesis

Answer 16

surgical fusion of joint

Question 17

define amputation

Answer 17

removal of limb with or without the placement of endoprosthesis

Question 18

List 4 indications for arthroplasties

Answer 18

Grossly dysplastic joints
Severe and intractable pain from osteoarthritic joints
Un-reconstructable articular fractures
Persistent luxation

Question 19

List 5 properties of a appropriate candidate of a total hip replacement

Answer 19

20-40kg- small dogs and cats as well now
not verweight
no previous surgery?
unresponsve to medical management
compliant owner and patient

Question 20

List 4 possible complications of a total hip replacement

Answer 20

infection
luxation- especially in first 8 weeks
fracture- stress riser at end of stem
aseptic loosening

Question 21

List the principles of arthrodesis

Answer 21

Remove all articular cartilage
Place cancellous bone graft or equivalent
Rigid fixation preferably under compression
Fix at a functional angle

Question 22

List 5 indications of amputation

Answer 22

Comminuted fracture involving joint
Neoplasia
Extensive loss of soft tissues
Paralysis e.g. brachial plexus avulsion
Intractable joint pain when finances wont allow joint replacement

Question 23

Describe the ideal candidate to amputation

Answer 23

Not overweight
No significant problem with contra-lateral limb
Good temperament
Committed owner

Question 24

List 2 indications of digit amputation

Answer 24

truama to digit
neoplasia

Question 25

which digits are the main weight bearing structures of the foot

Answer 25

digita 3 and 4

Question 26

Describe surgical management of congenital luxations

Answer 26

primary surgery difficult
salvage procedures- arthrodesis, arthroplasty and amputation may be required

Question 27

How do traumatic luxations occur

Answer 27

usually considerable force- e.g. RTAs
most common= hips