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NMS > Multimodal, muscles, DTR > Flashcards

Multimodal, muscles, DTR Flashcards

1
Q

Cortical sensory processing is primarily a function of what?

A

the parietal lobe

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2
Q

sterognosis

A

place a common object in their hand with eyes closed and identify it

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3
Q

barognosis

A

by putting similarly shaped objects in their hands with eyes closed, tell which is heavier

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4
Q

topognosis

A

touch patient and have them point to where you touch (eyes closed)

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5
Q

graphognosis

A

write a number on patient’s hand and have them identify it

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6
Q

2 point discrimination

A

poke in 2 places with eyes closed and they say whether it feels like 1 or 2 points

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7
Q

somatognosis

A

know if a body part is theirs

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8
Q

nosognosis

A

know if they are ill

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9
Q

which is first regarding a sensory exam for upper extremities

A

cotton wisp

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10
Q

what is the second step regarding a sensory exam for upper extremities

A

pinprick

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11
Q

what is the third step regarding a sensory exam of the upper extremities

A

tuning fork

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12
Q

what is the fourth step regarding the sensory exam for the upper extremity

A

hot/cold stimuli

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13
Q

if the examiner is questioning an area that has either an increased sensitivity-hyperesthesia or any decreased sensitivity-hypoesthesia then the examiner needs to

A

compare it to a spot that they know is normal

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14
Q

who studied a number of cases involving herniated intervertebral discs and blocked a single nerve root and his termatome chart has little or no overlap

A

keegan

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15
Q

what tissues are devoid of nociceptors?

A

inner annulus and nucleus of IVD
articular cartilage
synovial membrane

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16
Q

true or false: the nociceptive system is inactive in normal joint

A

true

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17
Q

mechanical nociception

A

path associated with an acute trauma or repetitive microtrauma

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18
Q

thermal nociception

A

pain associated with exposure to excessive heat or cold

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19
Q

chemical nociception

A

pain associated with excessive chemical exposure

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20
Q

hyperesthesia is defined as ____irritation and the instrumentation reading breaks _____from the involved side

A

incraese, on the same side

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21
Q

hypoesthesia is a defined as ______compression and the instrumentation breaks _____from the involved side

A

increased, on the opposite

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22
Q

3 common denominator that are used for making the diagnosis of nerve root compression are by testing

A

superficial pain
comparing side to side
hypo- or hyperesthesia

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23
Q

paresthesia

A

tingling sensation

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24
Q

hyperesthesia

A

oversensitivity

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25
Q

hypoesthesia

A

undersensitivity

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26
Q

anesthesia

A

insensitivity

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27
Q

what are the areas of motor systems that have been mapped out in an area known as…

A

motor homunculus

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28
Q

motor cortex neurons control the actions of cranial nerves extending to the ________ tract to the brainstem to synapse on _____

A

corticobulbar tract, lower motor neurons

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29
Q

other motor cortex neurons sent along the ____tract through the brainstem and descend down the spinal cord where they terminate in synapse on their corresponding _____

A

cortical spinal, LMN

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30
Q

3 areas of muscle integrity are assessed for the purposes of neurological evaluation should include…

A

strength
tone
volume

31
Q

fundamentals of muscle testing

A
  1. examiner must have mechanical advantage
  2. ask the patient if they have pain during the examination
  3. always compare strength bilaterally
  4. evaluate the pattern if weakness is found. is it consistent with a myotoms orders the pattern pertaining to the peripheral nerve?
  5. if a weakness is found, the examiner should continue the muscle test on an ongoing basis
  6. to pick up minor weaknesses the examiner must perform repetitive testing to see if the muscle fatigues quickly. the muscles that have NR compression are generally weak and it comes about very quickly
32
Q

kinetic

A

power, the force exerted in changing position

33
Q

static

A

power, the force exerted in resisting movement

34
Q

in extrapyramidal syndromes, kinetic power may be ______and static power____

A

diminished, normal

35
Q

5 muscle strength

A

complete range of motion against gravity with full resistance and the patient was noted to be strong

36
Q

4 muscle strength

A

complete range of motion againast gravity with some resistance

37
Q

3 muscle strength

A

complete range of motion against gravity and the patient has enough strength to put the joints through normal range of motion

38
Q

2 muscle strength

A

complete range of motion with gravity eliminated

39
Q

1 muscle strength

A

evitence of slight contracture but not joint motion

40
Q

0 muscle strength

A

no evidence of contraction

41
Q

supraspinatus

A

C4-6, suprascapular

42
Q

deltoid

A

C5-6, axillary

43
Q

biceps

A

C5-6, musculocutaneous

44
Q

brachioradialis

A

C5-6, radial

45
Q

wrist extension

A

C6-8, radial

46
Q

triceps

A

C6-8, radial

47
Q

wrist flexion

A

C6-8, median, ulnar

48
Q

finger extension

A

C6-8, radial

49
Q

finger flexion

A

C7-T1, median, ulnar

50
Q

finger abduction

A

C8-T1, ulnar

51
Q

finger adduction

A

C8-T1, ulnar

52
Q

muscle tone is characterized as

A

normal, increased or decreased

53
Q

define specificity (muscle)

A

increased muscular resistance felt by examiner during quick joint movement, quickly fades away

54
Q

rigidity

A

involuntary muscular resistance felt when moving a resting joint

55
Q

hypotonicity

A

suggests neurological damage at the level of the reflex arc (LMN lesion)

56
Q

neural shock

A

occurs in acute, severe UMN damage in brain or spinal cord

57
Q

deficit phenomenon (LMN lesion)

A

loss of neurologic function

58
Q

release phenomenon (UMN lesion)

A

exaggerations of normal neurologic function, due to cortical inhibition

59
Q

biceps DTR

A

C5-6, musculocutaneous

60
Q

brachioradialis DTR

A

C5-6, radial

61
Q

triceps DTR

A

C6-8, radial

62
Q

finger flexion DTR

A

C7-T1, median/ulnar

63
Q

0 muscle stretch reflex

A

absent with reinforcement

64
Q

+1 muscle stretch reflex

A

hypoactive with reinforcement

65
Q

+2 muscle stretch reflex

66
Q

+3 muscle stretch reflex

A

hyperactive

67
Q

+4 muscle stretch reflex

A

hyper active with transient clonus OR

hyper active with sustained clonus

68
Q

in evaluating he components of teh DTR the examiner needs to evaluate the speed of reaction, vigor of response and____

A

pain that may be associated with it

69
Q

Jendrassik maneuver

A

reinforcement of reflexes

70
Q

when is jendrassik maneuver utilized?

A

when reflexes appear to be diminished or absent

71
Q

assessment for pathological clonus for upper extremities is performed…

A

with patients eyes closed and looking away

72
Q

pathological clonus of upper and lower extremities suggests…

A

a loss of cortical inhibition

73
Q

assessment for pathological clonus for the lower extremities is performed…

A

with patient’s eyes closed and looking away, with socks and shoes off

74
Q

3 cardinal signs of NR compression include…

A

hyposensation, break on same side, weakness

NMS (16 decks)

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