Multi-store Model of Memory

Question 1

Who devised the multi-store model of memory?

Answer 1

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Question 2

What does the multi-store of memory show?

Answer 2

How memory flows through a series of component systems

Question 3

What are the 3 stores in the multi-store model of memory?

Answer 3

Sensory register
Short term memory
Long term memory

Question 4

How does information get to the sensory memory store?

Answer 4

Iconic stores and echoic store

Question 5

How does information get lost in the sensory memory store?

Answer 5

Forgetting

Question 6

How does information transfer to the sensory memory store to the short-term memory store?

Answer 6

Attention

Question 7

How does information stay in the short-term memory store?

Answer 7

Rehearsal

Question 8

How does information get lost in the the short-term memory store?

Answer 8

Decay and displacement

Question 9

How does information transfer from the short-term memory store to the long-term memory?

Answer 9

Rehearsal

Question 10

How does information transfer from the long-term memory store to the short-term memory store?

Answer 10

Retrieval

Question 11

How does information get lost in the long-term memory store?

Answer 11

Interference or retrieval failure

Question 12

What is capacity?

Answer 12

How much data can be held in a memory store. Represented in terms of bits of informations as number of digits

Question 13

What is duration?

Answer 13

How long information can be held in a memory store before it is no longer available

Question 14

What is coding?

Answer 14

How information is changed so that it can be stored in memory

Question 15

What is the capacity of the Sensory register store?

Answer 15

Quite large

Question 16

What is the duration of the Sensory register store?

Answer 16

200-500ms

Question 17

What is the coding of the Sensory register store?

Answer 17

Through the senses

Question 18

What is the capacity of the Short-term memory store?

Answer 18

7 +/- 2

Question 19

What is the duration of the Short-term memory store?

Answer 19

18-30 seconds

Question 20

What is the coding of the Short-term memory store?

Answer 20

Acoustically

Question 21

What is the capacity of the long-term memory store?

Answer 21

Potentially unlimited

Question 22

What is the duration of the long-term memory store?

Answer 22

Potentially unlimited

Question 23

What is the coding of the long-term memory store?

Answer 23

Semantically

Question 24

What did Crowder (1993) find referring to the sensory register and coding?

Answer 24

The sensory register only retains information from the iconic store for a few milliseconds but 2-3 seconds for the echoic store.

Question 25

What did Walsh and Thompson (1978) find referring to the sensory register and duration?

Answer 25

The sensory register could only hold information for around 500 milliseconds.

Question 26

What did Sterling (1960) find referring to the sensory register and capacity?

Answer 26

Flashed 3x4 grid of letters onto the screen for 1 20th of a second and asked participants to recall letters of one row, he found recall was high and mostly could remember all letters.

Question 27

What did Miller (1956) find referring to short-term memory and capacity?

Answer 27

People on average can count 7 dots flashed on screen and recalled musical notes. Jacobs (1887) found the average span of letters was 7.3

Question 28

What did Peterson and Peterson (1975) find referring to short-term memory and duration?

Answer 28

People had 80% accuracy of the trigrams after 3s but 10% after 18s. Tested at the following intervals:3,6,9,12,15,18

Question 29

What did Baddeley(1966) find referring to short-term memory and coding?

Answer 29

Participants struggled to remember acoustically similar words within 30s.

Question 30

What did Bahirk et al (1975) find referring to long-term memory and duration?

Answer 30

Asked 400 people to identify their friends from high school yearbooks. After 15 years 90% accurate. 48 years 70% accurate.

Question 31

What did Baddeley(1966) find referring to long-term memory and coding?

Answer 31

Participants struggled to remember semantically similar words after 30s. Research has said that LTM may not be exclusively, Frost suggested it may also be visual.

Question 32

What did Wagenaar find referring to long-term memory and capacity?

Answer 32

The ability to recall a large number of events, such as his own diary entries, was highly accurate.

Question 33

One weakness of the multi-store model is that it is over-simplified. What evidence is there to support this?

Answer 33

Assumes the STM and LTM are both single stores. The working memory model suggests that STM is split into several stores such as one for visual processing.

Question 34

One weakness of the multi-store model is that it is over-simplified. How can this be evaluated?

Answer 34

Theory is reductionist. Doesn't fully explain how STM functions meaning the theory is outdated lacking temporal validity.

Question 35

A strength of the multi-store model is that it was the first model of memory considered a cognitive explanation for memory. What evidence is there to support this?

Answer 35

It suggested a theoretical framework for how memory may work in the human mind.

Question 36

A strength of the multi-store model is that it was the first model of memory considered a cognitive explanation for memory. How can this be evaluated?

Answer 36

Theory was helpful in pioneering cognitive perspective in memory research. Lead to future developments such as working memory model.

Question 37

A strength of the multi-store model is that there is research to support it from case studies such as Clive Wearing. What evidence is there to support this?

Answer 37

He was unable to store 30s long memories. He couldn't remember where his wife went when she left the room.

Question 38

A strength of the multi-store model is that there is research to support it from case studies such as Clive Wearing. How can this be evaluated?

Answer 38

Provides validity for the model as it suggests STM/LTM are separate stores.

Question 39

A strength of the multi-store model is that there is research to support it from case studies such as Clive Wearing. However, what is the counterargument for this?

Answer 39

It is a case study and his memory loss was by an infection in the brain = specific to him. Difficult to replicate as damage is unlike others. Can't be sure findings are reliable.

Question 40

A problem with the multi-store model is that it mainly focuses on structure. What evidence is there to support this?

Answer 40

The idea that there are separate stores of memory. However, less research has been conducted into the processes that occur between the stores.

Question 41

A problem with the multi-store model is that it mainly focuses on structure. How can this be evaluated?

Answer 41

Can't be sure the processes described are accurate in representing real-life memory. More research needs to be conducted to be sure the processes are valid.