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Memory > Multi-store Model of Memory > Flashcards

Multi-store Model of Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Who devised the multi-store model of memory?

A

Atkinson and Shiffrin

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2
Q

What does the multi-store of memory show?

A

How memory flows through a series of component systems

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3
Q

What are the 3 stores in the multi-store model of memory?

A

Sensory register
Short term memory
Long term memory

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4
Q

How does information get to the sensory memory store?

A

Iconic stores and echoic store

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5
Q

How does information get lost in the sensory memory store?

A

Forgetting

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6
Q

How does information transfer to the sensory memory store to the short-term memory store?

A

Attention

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7
Q

How does information stay in the short-term memory store?

A

Rehearsal

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8
Q

How does information get lost in the the short-term memory store?

A

Decay and displacement

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9
Q

How does information transfer from the short-term memory store to the long-term memory?

A

Rehearsal

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10
Q

How does information transfer from the long-term memory store to the short-term memory store?

A

Retrieval

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11
Q

How does information get lost in the long-term memory store?

A

Interference or retrieval failure

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12
Q

What is capacity?

A

How much data can be held in a memory store. Represented in terms of bits of informations as number of digits

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13
Q

What is duration?

A

How long information can be held in a memory store before it is no longer available

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14
Q

What is coding?

A

How information is changed so that it can be stored in memory

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15
Q

What is the capacity of the Sensory register store?

A

Quite large

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16
Q

What is the duration of the Sensory register store?

A

200-500ms

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17
Q

What is the coding of the Sensory register store?

A

Through the senses

18
Q

What is the capacity of the Short-term memory store?

A

7 +/- 2

19
Q

What is the duration of the Short-term memory store?

A

18-30 seconds

20
Q

What is the coding of the Short-term memory store?

A

Acoustically

21
Q

What is the capacity of the long-term memory store?

A

Potentially unlimited

22
Q

What is the duration of the long-term memory store?

A

Potentially unlimited

23
Q

What is the coding of the long-term memory store?

A

Semantically

24
Q

What did Crowder (1993) find referring to the sensory register and coding?

A

The sensory register only retains information from the iconic store for a few milliseconds but 2-3 seconds for the echoic store.

25
Q

What did Walsh and Thompson (1978) find referring to the sensory register and duration?

A

The sensory register could only hold information for around 500 milliseconds.

26
Q

What did Sterling (1960) find referring to the sensory register and capacity?

A

Flashed 3x4 grid of letters onto the screen for 1 20th of a second and asked participants to recall letters of one row, he found recall was high and mostly could remember all letters.

27
Q

What did Miller (1956) find referring to short-term memory and capacity?

A

People on average can count 7 dots flashed on screen and recalled musical notes. Jacobs (1887) found the average span of letters was 7.3

28
Q

What did Peterson and Peterson (1975) find referring to short-term memory and duration?

A

People had 80% accuracy of the trigrams after 3s but 10% after 18s. Tested at the following intervals:3,6,9,12,15,18

29
Q

What did Baddeley(1966) find referring to short-term memory and coding?

A

Participants struggled to remember acoustically similar words within 30s.

30
Q

What did Bahirk et al (1975) find referring to long-term memory and duration?

A

Asked 400 people to identify their friends from high school yearbooks. After 15 years 90% accurate. 48 years 70% accurate.

31
Q

What did Baddeley(1966) find referring to long-term memory and coding?

A

Participants struggled to remember semantically similar words after 30s. Research has said that LTM may not be exclusively, Frost suggested it may also be visual.

32
Q

What did Wagenaar find referring to long-term memory and capacity?

A

The ability to recall a large number of events, such as his own diary entries, was highly accurate.

33
Q

One weakness of the multi-store model is that it is over-simplified. What evidence is there to support this?

A

Assumes the STM and LTM are both single stores. The working memory model suggests that STM is split into several stores such as one for visual processing.

34
Q

One weakness of the multi-store model is that it is over-simplified. How can this be evaluated?

A

Theory is reductionist.
Doesn’t fully explain how STM functions meaning the theory is outdated lacking temporal validity.

35
Q

A strength of the multi-store model is that it was the first model of memory considered a cognitive explanation for memory. What evidence is there to support this?

A

It suggested a theoretical framework for how memory may work in the human mind.

36
Q

A strength of the multi-store model is that it was the first model of memory considered a cognitive explanation for memory. How can this be evaluated?

A

Theory was helpful in pioneering cognitive perspective in memory research.
Lead to future developments such as working memory model.

37
Q

A strength of the multi-store model is that there is research to support it from case studies such as Clive Wearing. What evidence is there to support this?

A

He was unable to store 30s long memories. He couldn’t remember where his wife went when she left the room.

38
Q

A strength of the multi-store model is that there is research to support it from case studies such as Clive Wearing. How can this be evaluated?

A

Provides validity for the model as it suggests STM/LTM are separate stores.

39
Q

A strength of the multi-store model is that there is research to support it from case studies such as Clive Wearing. However, what is the counterargument for this?

A

It is a case study and his memory loss was by an infection in the brain = specific to him.
Difficult to replicate as damage is unlike others.
Can’t be sure findings are reliable.

40
Q

A problem with the multi-store model is that it mainly focuses on structure. What evidence is there to support this?

A

The idea that there are separate stores of memory. However, less research has been conducted into the processes that occur between the stores.

41
Q

A problem with the multi-store model is that it mainly focuses on structure. How can this be evaluated?

A

Can’t be sure the processes described are accurate in representing real-life memory.
More research needs to be conducted to be sure the processes are valid.

Memory (8 decks)

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