Long-term Memory Flashcards
What are the 3 types of memory?
Episodic, semantic and procedural.
What types of memory are explicit?
Episodic and semantic.
What type of memory are implicit?
Procedural.
What is episodic memory?
Includes memory of personal experiences.
What is an example of episodic memory?
Your first birthday party
What are the three specific elements in episodic memory?
Details of an event, context and emotions.
What is the strength of episodic memory determined by?
Strength of emotions experienced when the memory is coded.
What are episodic memories associated with?
The hippocampus
What is semantic memory?
Memories for facts and general knowledge and rules of language.
What is an example of semantic memory?
The name of capital cities in Europe.
How do semantic memories usually start of as?
Episodic memories, as we acquire knowledge based on personal experiences
What is the strength of semantic memories based on?
Emotions. But generally stronger than episodic.
What are semantic memories associated with?
Frontal lobe.
What is procedural memory?
Memories of skills/actions or muscle memories.
What is an example of procedural memory?
Reading or writing.
What are procedural memories unavailable for?
Conscious inspection and therefore difficult to explain verbally.
What are procedural memories more resistant too?
Forgetting and amnesia.
Where do procedural memories reside?
The motor cortex region.
What are procedural memories associated with?
The limbic system and basal ganglia.
What type of memory is procedural?
unconscious.
One strength of the idea that there are different types of LTM is that there are case studies of brain damaged patients to support this. What evidence is there to support this?
Case studies of CW and HM showed that both men had problems with episodic memories their semantic memories and procedural were intact. E.g, know what a dog is but not remembering stroking one.
One strength of the idea that there are different types of LTM is that there are case studies of brain damaged patients to support this. How can this be evaluated?
Theory holds validity as evidence supports semantic and procedural memory comes from those who have experience memory loss in real life.
A positive of research into types of LTM is that is has real life application. What evidence is there to support this?
Allows psychologists to target certain kinds of memory to improve people’s lives, Treatments can be developed to improve LTM.
A positive of research into types of LTM is that is has real life application. How can this be evaluated?
Can be sure that research into LTM has advantages so funding for this area should continue as solutions to help those with memory loss may be found. Positive economic implications as it may prevent those needing care later in life.
A problem with the theory of LTM is that some psychologists argue that there may only be two types of memory. What evidence is there to support this?
Cohen and Squire argue that semantic and episodic memory are both consciously recalled and are held in the same store, calling it declaritive memory.
A problem with the theory of LTM is that some psychologists argue that there may only be two types of memory. How can this be evaluated?
Original theory of LTM may be over-complicating how memory works in real life. We should be careful when evaluating research which breaks memory into these stores. May not represent real life.
