multi store model of memory Flashcards
memory
the storage and retrieval of information acquired through learning
encoding
converting information to a useable form so that it can be entered and stored In LTM
storage
retaining information in LTM memory over time
retrieval
locating and recovering the stored information from LTM memory to the STM when needed so that we can use it
sensory memory
entry point for new information that stores an exact replica
capacity - unlimited
duration - 0.2 - 4secs
includes iconic and echoic memory
short term memory
memory store where information is consciously manipulated
capacity - 5-9 items (7+-2)
duration - 18 -30secs
long term memory
relatively permanent memory store where information can be stored, from which it can be retrieved from later
capacity - unlimited
duration - unlimited
ways to improve STM capacity
chunking - grouping information together
rehearsal - the process of doing something
maintenance rehearsal - repetition of information being remembered
elaborative rehearsal - attaching meaning
atkinson shiffrin model
a model of memory which outines the 3 different stores of memory, each of which interacting through encoding, storage and retrieval
attention
when memories are attended to they move to STM
retrieval cues
connections between and existing info act as retrieval cue. Improves the ability to locate info within neocortex and recall back into STM
displacement and decay
when info in the STM is pushed out for new info, fades away on its own after duration of STM is expired
strengths of Atkinson-Shiffrin Model
- distinguishes between different stores and its capacity and duration
- good understanding of structure and process of memory
weaknesses of Atkinson-Shiffrin Model
- oversimplified
- STM is more complex in reality
- ignores motivation and strategy
- does not count for individual differences in memory
