Multi Store Model Atkinson And Shiffrin (1968) Flashcards
What are the memory stores that MSM consist of
Sensory memory
STM memory
LTM memory
What is the order of the MSM
Environmental stimuli
Sensory memory
Attention
STM
Elaborative maintenance rehearsal
LTM
Retrieval from LTM to STM
What is the sensory register
The sensory register is the place where information is held at each of the senses and the corresponding areas of the brain (last only ms)
The capacity of these registers is very large
The sensory registers are constantly receiving information but have no attention
What is attention
Attention is the first step in remembering something
If a person attention is focused on one of the sensory stores then the data is transferred to the STM
What’s is short term memory (MSM)
Information is held in STM so it can be used immediately
It has a limited capacity of 7+-2 (magic number)
STM has a limited duration of 30 seconds
Fragile store and it decay quickly if it isn’t rehearsed
Maintenance rehearsal-repeating the thing that you want to remember over and over again which is largely verbal (verbal rehearsal)
Information will disappear from your STM ,if not rehearsed,if new information enters STM displacing the original information as STM has a limited capacity
What is maintenance rehearsal
Repetition keeps information in STM but eventually such repetition will create a long term memory
Atkinson and shiffrin proposed a direct relationship between rehearsal in STM and the strength of LTM
The more the information is rehearsed the better it is remembered (maintenance rehearsal)
What is long term memory (MSM)
LTM is potentially unlimited in duration and capacity however if not looked at it may decay overtime
You might feel like there are many things that you once knew but have forgotten but the evidence suggests that either you actually have never really made the memory permanent or it is there and you can find it
What is retrieval
The process of getting information from LTM involves the information passing back through STM
It is then available for use
MSM Atkinson and Shiffrin 1968 Description (AO1)
The MSM was created by Atkinson and shiffrin (1968).thismodel discusses that they are 3 separate stores: sensory memory,STM and LTM. The model first starts with the environmental stimuli which then transfers to the sensory memory this is where information is held at our senses which only lasts milliseconds but has a large capacity. If no attention is paid to the sensory stores then the info is lost however if attention is paid it transfers to the STM. STM has a limited capacity of 7+-2 (magic number)and a duration of 30 seconds if information isn’t rehearsed it may decay . When new information is transferred to the STM it displaces the original information which disappears. By practicing Elaborate maintenance rehearsal it transfer information to The LTM as it is being constantly rehearsed . LTM store has a limitless capacity and duration however information can decay overtime if not in use .Finally, information can be retrieved from the LTM to the STM so it can be used. The MSM shows now there are three separate memory stores and how information is transferred between the stores.
MSM Atkinson and Shiffrin 1968 Evaluation (AO3) strength
P- One strength of the MSM is that there are supporting evidence to show that there are single stores
E-evidence for this is that researchers found that in brain scans STM is related to the prefrontal cortex whilst LTM is related to the the hippocampus
E-this suggests that based on the researchers evidence that STM and LTM are unitary stores which therefore shows that MSM is reliable
MSM Atkinson and Shiffrin 1968 evaluation (AO3) weakness
P- however one weakness of the MSM is that it is too simple
E- evidence for this is baddeley and hitch developed the WMM to show that there is more components in the STM and it is not only one store for example the central executive which has overall control in the STM
E-this shows that the MSM lacks validity as it is too vague and there is more going in in the STM than it’s capacity and duration but the kinds memory stored there
MSM Atkinson and Shiffrin 1968 evaluation (AO3) strength
P- contrastingly, another strength of MSM is that there are case studies that show that there are three memory stores which are unitary stores.
E- evidence for this is the case study of HM where he had parts of his hippocampus removed due to severe epilepsy. After the surgery he was unable to create new LTM however he was able to remember things prior to his surgery
E - this shows that MSM is reliable as it snows that LTM and STM are unitary stores as it was seen in real life through HM
MSM Atkinson and Shiffrin 1968 evaluation (AO3) weakness
P - on the other hand, a final weakness of MSM is that LTM needs more than maintenance rehearsal
E-evidence for this is a researcher found a deeper processing through meaning (semantics) which means that memories last longer than just maintenance rehearsal
E-this suggest that the model lacks reliability in showing how we process all memories
