Multi Store Model

Question 1

What is the sensory store

Answer 1

Believed that we have a sensory register for each of the sensory modalities

Question 2

What is the duration of sensory store (SM)

Answer 2

Lasts up to 2 seconds

Question 3

What is the capacity of sensory store

Answer 3

Can only remember up to 4 items

Question 4

Give evidence of sensory store

Answer 4

Sperling
Presented a grid of letters for less than a second people on average recall 4 letters but memory decays before we can remember them all

Question 5

What is short term memory

Answer 5

Only lasts 18-30 seconds if it is not rehearsed and is stored acoustically

Question 6

How much information can short term memory store

Answer 6

5+ or - 2 items

Question 7

What is the evidence for short term memory

Answer 7

Conrad
Suggests that STM mainly encodes things acoustically been though they are presented visually
Miller
Chunking makes information more easy to recall came up with 7 + or - 2 items

Question 8

What is long term memory

Answer 8

Potentially unlimited capacity and information can be held for anything up to a lifetime and from minutes to years

Question 9

How are long term memories stored

Answer 9

Semantically

Question 10

What is the evidence for long term memory

Answer 10

Baddeley
Some lists were semantically similar others not tested immediately and then after 20 minutes found that after 20 minutes they did poorly on semantically similar words
This suggests we encode LTMs according to what they mean so we get similar meaning things confused
Bahrick et al
Tested US grads shown class mate photos years later
34 years after 90% average for remembering faces and names
48 heads declined particularly for faces

Question 11

What is capacity

Answer 11

How much information can be stored

Question 12

What is duration

Answer 12

How long we can store info for

Question 13

What is encoding

Answer 13

The form in which memory is stored

Question 14

Strengths of mulTi store model

Answer 14

GLANZER AND CUNITZ supports the idea of there being a seperate STM & LTM supports displacement theory
Primacy effect - these words were the first heard and so were rehearsed so we can recall them from LTM
Recency effect - these words are most recently heard so we can recall them as they’re still in our STM
CLIVE WEARING damage to the hippocampus prevented new ideas going from STM to LTM selective memory loss
MRI RESEARCH supports that different parts of the brain are shed during different tasks
PETERSON AND PETERSON found that blocking rehearsal resulted in poor recall
TESTABLE early influential model which provides foundations for later work

Question 15

What do we need to do to remember something

Answer 15

Pay attention
Get from SM to STM
rehearse it
Maintenance rehearsal (keeps it in our STM)
Elaborative rehearsal (gets it to our LTM)

Question 16

Weaknesses of multi-store model

Answer 16

Shallice and warrington - showed that a victim of a motorbike accident who damaged their short term memory was still able to add to their LTM
Craig and Lockhart - ask whether it is limited processing capacity or limited storage capacity short term memory tends to be limited capacity as limited storage however if words rather than letters are used 20 items can be recalled