individual differences Flashcards
how are schemas and episodic memories affected by individual differences
heavily influenced by experience. affects the way we perceive information received by the sense and retrieve info held in memory
experience based perception will affect how the object is remembered
collection of memories of their own life (autobiographical)
what was Palumbo’s experiment
assessed individual difference in naturalistic autobiographical memory by subdividing autobiographical memory into 4 domains :
episodic , semantic, spatial, prospective
102 items on a five point likert scale
what were the results of Palambo’s study
individuals scored low on episodic also scored low on semantic (either had very good or very bad memory recall)
men scored higher on spatial memory
those with depression scored low on episodic and semantic.
gives useful insight into individual difference in autobiographical memory
participants may have lacked the insight to mark accurate judgements
how can dyslexia affect memory
and give two experiments that show this
poor verbal short term memory
McDougall divided 90 kids into 3 reading abilities groups. poor moderate and good readers
poor readers have lower memory spans
Alloway suggests difficulty with speech sounds is linked to poor working memory as they cannot hold all speech sounds long enough to bind a word
strongly suggests that dyslexia has an underlying cognitive impairment leading to a shorter memory span.
how can alzheimers affect memory
progressive, degenerative and neurological disorder associated with ageing
= memory loss, concentration loss, confusion and changes in mood
selectively impairs certain cognitive systems initially deteriorates new info but old info is preserved
can’t recall episodic memories so affects long and short term
what study did Baddeley do to test alzheimers affect on memory
using the letter z and seeing if it could be recognised among easy and distractor letters.
shows dual attentional tasked are impaired by the disease
how does processing speed affect memory
due to speed at which we can process information and their short term capacity, processing speed and capacity can be affected by age
