Baddeley Study Flashcards
what was the aim of baddeleys experiment
the influence of acoustic and semantic similarity on LTM of word influences
what does acoustically similar mean
sound the same
what does semantically similar mean
words that mean the same thing
describe experiment three of the study
- 4 experiment 1 lists (A,B,C,D) acoustically and semantically similar and dissimilar
- condition Y was used in which there was a task between the presentation and recall (one list A, one list C)
- intervening task = read out 8 numbers which were then written down and done six times
- 15 minute task same as intervening task, words were visible throughout but not in the right order
- sample = A-15 B- 20 C- 16 D- 21
discuss the results of the study
LTM encodes semantically
struggled to maintain semantically similar words in the LTM
max percentage of words correct was 58% compared to control group which was 90%
participants managed to recall 82% of acoustically similar words
conclusion of the study
learning of words impaired by semantic similarity
LTM based on semantic encoding
transferral to LTM involved an intermediate stage
where material is in STM shown by greater difficulty in learning list in experiment three when STM is maintained
generalisability of the study
Generalisability - small sample size and made up of volunteers as there was less than 20 participants. findings should be generalised to the wider population due to low population validity
volunteer sample so it means people are more willing and may all have a certain personality and would most probably all have good memories so not generalisable to people with memory problems
reliability of the study
controlled lab experiment was very reliable. controls put in place raise the internal validity of the experiment maintain through standardisation across all conditions
eg. same word list for each ppt. enables replication and suggests that this findings could be repeated
application of the study
applied to wider world, specifically eduction, encode semantically has enabled to teachers to promote the best learning to improve memory. led to the introduction of memory improvement strategies such as mind maps
validity of the study
low ecological validity - use of artificial stimuli do not represent real life situations. make it difficult to generalise results beyond research settings
mundane realism - knew they were going to be asked to recall so could rehearse more, under normal conditions we would not be expected to use rehearsal in such a contrived was as the very concentrated rehearsal is more likely to have been exaggerated
