Multi Hazard Zones Flashcards
What is a multi hazard zone?
Regions or parts of the world that are exposed to a range of hazards e.g. meteorological, climatic and geomorphic impacts.
e.g. of a multi-hazard zone?
Philippines
disaster risk equation
Risk (R) = Hazard (H) x Vulnerability (V)
Capacity (C)
Hazard: what type of volcanoes?
composite + andesitic magma
- generated at subduction zone
Hazard: percentage of the country as risk?
100%
Hazards: Typical secondary impacts?
- landslides
- volcanic mudflows
- tsunamis
Hazard: most vulnerable areas?
- Northern and Eastern coastline facing pacific
- Scattered islands help reduce risk
Vulnerability: features
- lower middle income (GDP Per Capita = $5000)
- Many are poor and line on a coastline - high risk
- increased urbanisation in areas of hiGh risk
capacity - cost
0.5% of yearly GDP
capacity: what measures has the government put in place?
forecasting warning hazard risk education other management lacks funding frm gov
human factors which increase vulnerability
- earthquake - between 2000 - 2013: 17 earthquakes with a magnitude of 5.6 = numerous deaths and damaged a large number of buildings
physical factors increasing vulnerability
lying at fault lines or near major plate boundaries
volcanic activity
geographic location
hazard management strategies
- training local volunteers in disaster management
- identifying risk through land use mapping + determining which mitigation measures may be possible
limitations to hazard management
- its just too much responsibility
- expensive
Kobe Japan - when?
17th January 1955
magnitude of the japan thingie
6.8
how far was epicenter from center of Kobe?
20km
social impacts
- 6000
- 35000 injured
- 250 000 homeless
environmental impacts
- homes and buildings collapsed
- 60% of debris
- people rescued in landfill
economic impacts
- $1B worth of damage
- 2.5% of Japaneses GDP used to rebuild
- 3% of buildings had no insurance
risk x vulnerability
- believed that they were well prepared but others disagree and they were unaware of the severity
- many traditional homes had heavy tiling which killed and injured many
-barely any experience dealing with this sort of thing as it had not happened in 400 yrs - ## Japaneses gov accused of not dealing with it as effectively as they could have
short term management
- electrical power, gas, water, telecommunications + road and railway was restored within months
- 48000 housing units to help homelessness = 20% of population
- 70% of the parts operation was restored
- 60% of debris is reused
- 15 months later manufacturing was up by 96%`
improvements + responses based on character of community
- improved seismic resistance
- improved fire fighting capacity
- protecting lifelines
- community participation
- NGOs
- disaster resistant measures
