Multi Choice

Question 0

Reading one. Myers discusses the subjective aspects of science, noting that ____.

Answer 0

scientists are unable to read the book of nature independently of their preconceptions

Question 1

Reading one. Myers talks about the Cindarella premise. This notion highlights _____.

Answer 1

the power of the situation

Question 2

Reading one. Myers claims the strength of random assignment is that it ____.

Answer 2

eliminates extraneous variables

Question 3

Reading one. Myers refers to theories as ____.

Answer 3

scientific shorthand

Question 4

Reading one. Myers suggest that intuition is “huge” but also ____.

Answer 4

perilous

Question 5

Reading too. Kenrick, Neuburg and Cialdini place social psychology within a wider network of knowledge. The relationship with sociology is important since ____.

Answer 5

both are interested in wider sociopolitical influences on behaviour

Question 6

Reading two. Clinical psychology according to Kenrick Newburg & Cialdini looks at ____ while the focus for developmental psychology is ____.

Answer 6

behavioural dysfunction and treatment : lifetime experience and biological predispositions

Question 7

Reading three. Baron, Byrne and Branscombe discuss the relationship between schema consistent information and retrieval. They conclude information which is consistent with our schemas is _____.

Answer 7

more likely to be remembered and used

Question 8

Reading three. Baron, Byrne and Branscombe talk about the planning fallacy as an illustration of ____.

Answer 8

the optimistic bias

Question 9

Reading three. Baron, Bernie and Branscombe suggest the planning fallacy may be explained by ____.

Answer 9

all of the above

1. Failure to consider past experience.
2. The narrative, future orientation which primarily considers how the tasks will be performed.
3. The motivational factor of assuming what will happen is what we wish will happen.

Question 10

Reading four. Baron, Bernie and Branscombe claim that we respond to others who fail to take responsibility for their own negative outcomes by ____.

Answer 10

not liking them as much

Question 11

Reading five. Kendrick, Neuberg and Cialdini suggest that self-fulfilling prophecies are not inevitable but are more likely to occur when ____.

Answer 11

those holding erroneous expectations control the social encounter and the targets of these expectations defer to this control

Question 12

Reading five. Kendrick, Neuberg and Cialdini discuss the history of self-fulfilling prophecy. This history was notable for being ____.

Answer 12

based on mass panic and withdrawal of money from US banks in the 1930s and a term coined by sociologist Robert Merton in 1948

Question 13

Reading six. The learned helplessness model of depression suggests that depression is likely to result when ____.

Answer 13

global, enduring, uncontrollable events are attributed to internal causes

Question 14

Reading seven. In outlining research in the area of cognitive dissonance Baumeister and Bushman referred to one study where participants were asked to listen to biology students talking about secondary sexual characteristics of insects. Ratings for these talks with highest among participants who ____.

Answer 14

were subjected to a stressful and embarrassing initiation

Question 15

Reading eight. Rosenheim refers to the mentally ill as ____.

Answer 15

society’s lepers

Question 16

Reading eight. Rosenhan claims failure to detect normality in the pseudo-patients reflects ____.

Answer 16

the pejorative nature of psychiatric diagnosis

Question 17

Reading nine. Milgram’s results were made more striking by ____.

Answer 17

their dramatic contrast with early predictions

Question 18

Reading nine. Milgram sites Snow who writes “more hideous crimes have been committed in the name of obedience ____”.

Answer 18

than have never been committed in the name of rebellion

Question 19

Reading nine. Milgram based his enquiry on the following social fact: ____.

Answer 19

the individual who is commanded by legitimate authority ordinarily obeys

Question 20

Reading nine. Milligram reports that all naive subjects received a sample shock to bolster the authenticity of the shock generator. These shocks were ____.

Answer 20

sourced from battery power and were 45 volts

Question 21

Reading 10. Baumrind describes the experimental setting as ____ that is defined by the ____ who makes ____.

Answer 21

a game : experimenter : the rules

Question 22

Reading 10. Baumrind accuses Milgrim of a posture of ____.

Answer 22

insensitivity

Question 23

Reading 12. Smith and Mackie provide an analysis of why Milgram’s studies produced such powerful affects. This analysis is based on a sequence involving ____.

Answer 23

activating the norm of obedience, excluding other norms, and a gradual commitment to a course of action

Question 24

Reading 12. In an extension of the work on obedience Smith and Mackie cite a study looking at nurses’ willingness to obey an unauthorised telephone instruction to administer the drug Astrogen to a particular patient. How many of the 22 nurses involved in the study obeyed?

Answer 24

21

Question 25

Reading 13. Smith and Mackie discuss the relationship between conformity and culture and suggest the relatively high levels of conformity found any original studies conducted by Sherif and Asch were surprising due to ____.

Answer 25

the negative connotations associated with conformity in these cultures

Question 26

Reading and 13. Smith and Mackie suggest that a key difference between the experiments conducted by Sherif and Asch was ____.

Answer 26

the ambiguity of the experimental stimuli

Question 27

Reading 13. Smith and Mackie described Sherifs classic study of conformity to a group norm, which employed an optical illusion known as the autokinetic effect. This involves ____.

Answer 27

judging distance in the dark

Question 28

Reading 14. Kenrick, Neuberg and Cialdini discuss Cialdini’s participant observation study looking at successful influence practitioners. In conclusion they caution that such studies need to be considered in the context of ____.

Answer 28

supportive experimental research

Question 29

Reading 15. Cialdini suggests that reciprocity has variously been described as ____.

Answer 29

all of the above

The essence of what makes us human; pervasive in human culture; an honoured network of obligation

Question 30

Reading 15. Cialdini suggests the time span for obligations of reciprocity extends into the future but ____.

Answer 30

fades with time for small favours

Question 31

Reading 17. Baron, Bernie and Branscombe refer to “collective guilt” as ____.

Answer 31

an emotional reaction to being confronted with the wrong doings of one’s own group

Question 32

Reading 18. In discussing gender stereotyped media representations Smith and Mackie suggest that cartoons consistently show boys as ____ while girls are consistently shown as ____.

Answer 32

active, rough and violent : home oriented, concerned with appearance and interested in boys

Question 33

Reading 19. Franzoi explains group polarisation has been the result of both normative social influence and informational social influence. He concludes that in situations involving judgemental tasks where there is no objectively correct answer ____.

Answer 33

social comparison is more important

Question 34

Reading 19. Franzoi suggests social facilitation shows how the presence of others can have a motivating influence whereby individual performance can be improved, especially when individual effort is easily identified. Situations when such effort is pooled and not as easily identifiable may produce diminished individual performance. This is known as ____.

Answer 34

social loafing

Question 35

Reading 22. Manning, Lavine and Collins review social psychological research on helping and conclude that “as a focus for research ____ seems to have withered on the vine.”

Answer 35

the study of the possible conditions under which groups can facilitate helping

Question 36

Reading 23. Cherry suggests the experimental work which followed the Kitty Genovese case ____.

Answer 36

all the above
(Underminded broader sociocultural analyses of the event; established a strong inverse relationship between group size and helping behaviour; was characterised by social psychology’s long-standing preoccupation with the influence of people in one another’s lives.)

Question 37

Reading 23. Cherry advocates that social psychology _____.

Answer 37

all the above
(become a post-dictive rather than predictive science; ignore distinctions between historical and social science research; focus more meaning and less on control.)

Question 38

Writing 24. Murakami interviewed victims of the Tokyo subway gas attack. This terrorist attack differed from most as ____.

Answer 38

the threat was largely invisible and uncertainty was massive

Question 39

Tuffin suggests that critical work within psychology sets out to exchange ____.

Answer 39

political innocence for political awareness

Question 40

Tuffin suggests that experimental manipulation ____.

Answer 40

has become synonymous with social science and deception has been fostered by a laboratory culture

Question 41

Tuffin cites Wexler’s concerned that traditional social psychology ____.

Answer 41

All of the above
(amounts to little more than common sense; participates in the discourse of the 18th century; makes a substantial contribution to social ignorance.)

Question 42

Tuffin discusses the metaphor of “looking inside the correlation” to explain _____.

Answer 42

critical questions of the assumed nature of the meaning of important terms

Question 43

The textbook details three classical studies which share some commonalities which include _____.

Answer 43

All of the above.

manipulation and measurement of variables; deception; experimental manipulations relying on specific use of language.

Question 44

The textbook describes the verbal prods used in Milgram’s study of obedience. Which of the following was not one of the prods.

Answer 44

“the integrity of the experiment will be compromised if you do not continue”

Question 45

The textbook mentions which of the following ethical dilemmas when conducting observational fieldwork?

Answer 45

Deception

Question 46

The textbook refers to the face value version of language in describing the way it has typically been employed in experimental work. This version of language refers to ____.

Answer 46

acknowledging the power of language but failing to theorise this

Question 47

The textbook refers to the history of the use of deception within social psychological research and notes that _____.

Answer 47

deception increased following the APA publication of the first code of ethics

Question 48

The textbook makes reference to experimental work conducted on the Philadelphia subway. Piliavin arranged for a confederate to collapse and then begin to bleed from the mouth. The study suggested ____.

Answer 48

Bleeding victims were assisted less

Question 49

Tuffin discusses the notion of epistemological contingency which means that psychological knowledge is ____.

Answer 49

a product of its cultural and historical context

Question 50

The textbook makes reference to the ethical concerns of Brown who suggests that ethical codes subscribed to by psychologists ____.

Answer 50

place the interests of researchers ahead of research participants

Question 51

Tuffin sites Riggs who writes about the “standard view of science”. Under this view knowledge is seen as ____.

Answer 51

progressive and cumulative

Question 52

The textbook makes reference to the work of Morawski whose historical analysis documents the early opportunities for understanding social life. However, throughout the last century opportunities became constrained by ____.

Answer 52

orthodoxy of method and subject matter

Question 53

The textbook refers to the “almost complete invisibility of individuals” as participants in research due to ____.

Answer 53

the epistemological drive toward human universals

Question 54

The textbook makes reference to the work of Sharif whose historical analysis documents the uptake of experimentalism by psychological subdisciplines as a way of joining the ‘science club’ which it was hoped would improve their position in terms of scientific credibility. These subdisciplines included ____.

Answer 54

developmental, clinical and social psychologists

Question 55

The textbook makes reference to Sarason who writes “psychology has for too long sought to measure a world of own contrivance, and this it has done extremely well – so well that for decades it did not have to face the possibility that ingeniously measuring a world of its own making is a mammoth waste of time”. This concern amounts to a decreased emphasis on ____ and increased emphasis on ____.

Answer 55

measurement : understanding

Question 56

The textbook sites Totman who writes “importing the method of classical physics makes social psychology look respectably scientific and licenses the social investigator to use scientific rhetoric in commenting on a culture of which he or she is part. This quote is consistent with concerns about _____.

Answer 56

the suitability of appropriating methods from other epistemological fields

Question 57

The textbook criticises the editorial policies of scientific journals as ____.

Answer 57

stifling innovative ideas

Question 58

The textbook discusses Soylands comment that language is the ‘tool of habit’. In simple terms this is taken to mean that ____.

Answer 58

traditional social psychologists have failed to appreciate the degree to which this tool forms the central feature of social life

Question 59

Tuffin lists two reasons why discursive work has been chosen as being particularly useful for critical social psychology. These are ____.

Answer 59

discourse work is close to the heart of social psychological interests, and, is increasingly gaining recognition within social psychology

Question 60

The textbook sites Harre and Gillet who note two key goals for discursive research. These goals are ____.

Answer 60

identifying resources and how these work

Question 61

Tuffin details and number of discourse analytic traditions and concludes that ____.

Answer 61

blending of analytical orientation is common

Question 62

Tuffin cites Edwards and Potter who introduced the notion of a dilemma of stake. This idea hinges on the psychology of ____.

Answer 62

investment

Question 63

Reading for ‘gist’ involves ____ and, analytically, is regarded as ____.

Answer 63

a summary : inadequate

Question 64

Tuffin details Wooffitts analysis of a punks account of police intervention at a concert. The analytic significance attached to the characterisation ‘scraps’ ____

Answer 64

is important as it evokes images of school-ground play fights.

Question 65

The textbook details Widdicombes two key analytic features. These two features are ____ and ____.

Answer 65

an analytic mentality : what is being said maybe seen as a solution to a problem

Question 66

The textbook details the catalogue of human failings that have arisen out of the research tradition of social cognition. This list of human failings and includes ____.

Answer 66

errors in thinking, false beliefs and intellectual conceit

Question 67

Tuffin sites Moore who writes about “the single greatest stain on the soul of our country”. Moore refers here to ____.

Answer 67

the two hundred year history of slavery in the US

Question 68

Tuffin cites Reicher who emphasises the importance of studying racism and prejudice, and highlights the way in which psychological research has sometimes been used to support racist agendas. The key example offered is ____.

Answer 68

racial differences in intelligence test scores

Question 69

The textbook details the ‘minimal group experiments’ whereby participants were assigned to different groups based on minimal trivial criteria. In the case cited in the textbook the criteria involved ____.

Answer 69

guessing the number of dots on a screen

Question 70

The textbook cites the study of discourses around the employment of gay cops in New Zealand following significant law change which made it illegal to discriminate against employees on the basis of sexual orientation. To key discourses involved here were ____.

Answer 70

internal pressure and society

Question 71

Tuffin argues that matters of prejudice and racism are best studied as ____.

Answer 71

explicit displays of racist or prejudice to talk

Question 72

The textbook suggests that while there is limited consensus about what constitutes emotion there is some agreement that emotions are ____.

Answer 72

all of the above

experienced privately; accompanied by physiological change; accompanied by emotional expression

Question 73

The textbook refers to Throsbys research examining participants accounts of IVF failure. The term “infertile” was avoided in the study because ____.

Answer 73

of its blunt rhetorical force

Question 74

The textbook refers to Sacks’ use of pro-terms. Such terms ____.

Answer 74

all of the above
(are used to avoid conflict between speakers; are softenings of terms which may be more contentious; are less likely to be the focus of dispute)

Question 75

In discussing the identity of gun owners the text points to 2 important considerations in thinking about how identity is constructed in the text. These are matters of ____.

Answer 75

complexity and conditionality

Question 76

The ‘shame’ of social psychology refers to the ____.

Answer 76

asocial nature of social psychology

Question 77

The textbook asks whether mainstream and critical social psychologist live in different worlds, and concludes ____.

Answer 77

they do, indeed, occupy different worlds

Question 78

The textbook concludes that the discipline has been in the grip of positivism for too long and this has contributed to “methodological constriction and ethical dubiousness”. This criticism is used to argue for ____.

Answer 78

embracing language as the fundamental social reality