Destructive Organisations Flashcards
The evildoer knowingly violates societies ____. First, the actor puts his needs above the needs of those victimised, and, second, the actor puts his or her own judgements above others.
norms
An evil action occurs when an individual inflicts a highly ____ ____ on another, without this negative state being balanced in anyway in the perpetrator.
negative state
Most evildoers are produced by a process of ____ into doing evil, a process that makes some capable of doing evil autonomously and independently in the future.
socialisation
The process begins when a society or powerful groups within that society are subjected to difficult ____ ____.
life conditions
The possible sources of these difficult life conditions are ____ and ____; they can include economic hardship, political conflict between groups, perceived threats, and so on.
numerous and various
These circumstances give rise to feelings of ____ directed at whomever can be made to seem responsible for the problems.
hostility
Certain cultural tendencies can make the forces unleashed during difficult times lead to ____.
scapegoating
The scapegoating group is not capable of leaping immediately to genocide, to killing the members of the scapegoated group just because of the group membership. There is the familiar ____ of acts.
progression
Open criticism of the scapegoated groups produces ____, which leads is brutality; brutality is justified, and leads to further ____ and the discovery that the scapegoated group is somehow not included in humanity. Finally, killings, and then systematic killings. Genocide.
derogation
The “difficult life conditions” precondition for genocide could be found to exist in, if not all places at all times, then at least _________.
most places at most times
The most obvious sources of crimes of obedience are the ____________, in which soldiers, secret agents, and police take on role obligations that explicitly include the use of force.
military, paramilitary, and social control hierarchies
In these organisations, coercive pressures are high. One obeys orders, and often one’s own life is in danger. Those to be controlled are the enemy and often ____.
dehumanised
Organisations concerned with social control, have a unique capacity to turn their members into evildoers. As such they must be vigilantly _____.
monitored
When a normal organisation does harm, that action can be the result of the interaction of many other actions, each of which is, on the face of it, ____.
innocent
Sometimes in organisations an act of harming others is innocently or unknowingly ____ from the actions of many individuals who are not aware that the consequence of that act, to which their actions contribute, will be destructive.
assembled
