MTTP 26 Flashcards
Red fluid circulating through the heart and it’s vessels, and transporting products to and from body cells; the color varies based on its oxygen content; thicker, more viscous, and adhesive then water
Blood
Makes up approximately 8% of the total body weight
Blood
Unit of blood?
0.5L in volume or just under a pint
Blood cell production that occurs in the red bone marrow
Hematopoiesis
Straw-colored liquid in which blood cells are suspended
Blood plasma
Red blood cells (RBCs), transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the body cells; they can do this because they contain hemoglobin
Erythocytes
Iron-based protein that binds with oxygen and carbon dioxide so they can be transported in blood
Hemoglobin
White blood cells (WBCs) are the body’s mobile army and serve as a part of the body’s defense mechanisms by destroying or inactivating pathogens and foreign agents
Leukocytes
Platelets; blood cell fragments that help reduce blood loss from damaged vessel walls by promoting hemostasis of mechanisms that slow blood loss or stop bleeding
Thrombocytes
Persons with AB blood; blood does not contain reactive antibodies
universal recipients
Persons with O type blood; blood does not have any antibodies and is compatible with all other blood types
Universal donor
Hollow, muscular organ about the size of a clenched fist
Heart
Outer layer of the heart, contains fatty connective tissue and blood vessels called coronary vessels
Epicardium
Middle layer of the heart; contains cardiac muscle and makes up the bulk of the heart wall
Myocardium
Inner layer of the heart, continuous with endothelial lining of the heart chambers and blood vessels, as well as the valves of the heart
Endocardium
The heart divides into 4 chambers:
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Most superior chambers of the heart and are separated by and inter-atrial septum
Right and left atria
Located between the atria and the ventricles and have pointed flaps called cusps
Atrioventricular (AV) valves
three cusps, is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right ventricular valve ( tricuspid valve)
two cusps, located between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Left ventricular valve (bicuspid valve)
The bicuspid valve is also called
Mitral valve
located between the ventricles and the aorta or the pulmonary trunk
Semilunar (SL) valve
left SL valve; between the left ventricle and the aorta
Aortic valve
right SL valve; located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary valve
sequence of events from beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next heartbeat
Cardiac cycle
number of cardiac cycles occurring in 1 minute
Heart rate
heartbeats over 100 per minute
tachycardia
heartbeats lower than 50 per minute
bradycardia
occurs when lumen enlarges or widens
vasodilation
occurs when lumen becomes smaller or narrows
vasoconstriction
increased local blood flow
hyperemia
decreased local blood flow
ischemia
the SA node is also called
pacemaker
vessels transporting blood away from the heart
arteries
arterial expansion; can be felt in arteries near the surface of the body
pulse
amount of pressure exerted by blood on vessel walls as the left ventricle of the heart contacts and relaxes
blood pressure
ventricles contract and eject blood and pressure within arteries increases
systole
ventricles relax and fill with blood, and pressure within the arteries decrease
diastole
normal blood pressure reading for an average adult
120/80 mm Hg
functional unit of the cardiovascular system because this is where the exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes occur between blood and body cells
capillaries
the rate blood flows back to the heart; promoted by a skeletal muscle pump
venous return
occurs during breathing and promotes venous return
respiratory pump
lack of venomotor tone contributes to a sudden drop in blood pressure and resultant dizziness when sitting and standing upright from a recumbent position
postural or orthostatic hypotension
replenishes the blood’s oxygen supply and eliminates gaseous wastes
pulmonary circuit
transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and oxygen to body cells and transports waste away for their elimination by various mechanisms, including respiration, urination, and perspiration
systemic circuit
found within the systemic circuit and consist of two capillary beds connected through a system of veins
venous portal system
what are the 3 parts of the aorta
Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Descending aorta
All systemic arteries branch from what major artery
Aorta
