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Massage Therapy > MTTP 23 > Flashcards

MTTP 23 Flashcards

1
Q

Occupies a central or medial position in the body and includes the brain, spinal cord, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

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2
Q

Nerves that begin and end in the brain and spinal cord but extend beyond skull and vertebral column and include the cranial and spinal nerves

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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3
Q

Regulates skeletal muscles and joints and contains receptors of special senses, such as vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch

A

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

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4
Q

Regulates involuntary responses such as the activities of organs, glands, and smooth muscle

A

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

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5
Q

Connect rice tissues that support, nourish, protect, and insulate neurons

A

Neuroglia or glial cells

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6
Q

Increase the conduction rate of the impulse and provide insulation to prevent impulse leakage to adjacent neurons

A

Myelin

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7
Q

Glial cells found in the PNS

A

Schwann cells

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8
Q

Gaps located between Schwann cells and their myelin sheaths are the

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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9
Q

Impulse-conducting cells and represent the simplest structural unit of the nervous system

A

Neurons

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10
Q

Contains the nucleus and other organelles; attached to this are the dendrite and axon

A

Cell body

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11
Q

Short and narrow extensions that receive stimuli and transmit impulses toward the cell body

A

Dendrite

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12
Q

Nerve fiber that transmits impulses away from the cell body

A

Axon

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13
Q

Transmit sensory info towards the CNS

A

Afferent neurons

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14
Q

Transmit impulses from the CNS toward muscles or glands

A

Efferent neurons

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15
Q

Protective involuntary but predictable response to stimuli that uses a reflex arc to exert its action

A

Reflex

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16
Q

Single conduction pathway to and from the CNS

A

Reflex Arc

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17
Q

Bundles of nerve fibers in the PNS

A

Nerves

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18
Q

Term used to describe the neuron while its resting and not conducting impulses

A

Polarization

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19
Q

Mechanism producing and maintains polarization

A

Sodium-potassium pump

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20
Q

When a neuron receives stimulus, ion channels or gates located on the cell membrane open and transmits nerve impulse down the axon

A

Depolarization

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21
Q

Neuron quickly resumes its resting or polarized, state

A

Repolarization

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22
Q

Place where signals are transmitted between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle or gland

A

Synapse

23
Q

Chemical messengers used by chemical synapses to transmit signals between the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron

A

Neurotransmitters

24
Q

Consists of brain and spinal cord; surrounded by connective tissue membranes called meninges and by cerebrospinal fluid

A

CNS

25
Q

Innermost layer and attaches to the surface of the brain and spinal cord; this layer is thin and delicate and contains blood vessels

A

Pia Mater

26
Q

Middle layer; loose arrangement of collagen fibers gives this layer a weblike appearance

A

Arachnoid Mater

27
Q

Outermost layer and lies against the skull and vertebral column; this is think and dense and creates a few notable partitions within the brain

A

Dura mater

28
Q

Clear, colorless fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord found in the subarachnoid space

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

29
Q

The brain consists of 4 main regions:

A

Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Brainstem

30
Q

The largest and most superior portion of the brain

A

Cerebrum

31
Q

The right and left cerebral hemispheres are connected by bundles of transverse fibers

A

Corpus callosum

32
Q

Rhythmic patterns of cerebral electrical activity that can be displayed using an electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

Brainwaves

33
Q

Associated with calmness and relaxation

A

Alpha (8-13 Hz)

34
Q

Associated with alertness and mental activity

A

Beta (13+ Hz)

35
Q

Occurs during sleep

A

Delta ( 4 < Hz)

-

36
Q

Located in the center of the brain, contains the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the pineal gland

A

Diencephalon

37
Q

Largest portion of the diencephalon and relays sensory info to appropriate areas of the cerebrum

A

Thalamus

38
Q

Regulates the ANS, controls behavioral patterns, and regulates 24-hour cycles called biorhythms or circadian rhythms

A

Hypothalamus

39
Q

SAME stands for?

A

Sensory neurons are Afferent and Motor neurons are Efferent

40
Q

continuous with the spinal cord and contains the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata

A

brainstem

41
Q

emerge from the inferior surface of the brain and are named by Roman numerals, for the areas they supply, or the the type of signal they carry

A

cranial nerves (12 pairs)

42
Q

controls the muscles of facial expression, detects taste, produces saliva and tears, and is both sensory and motor

A

CN VII (Facial)

43
Q

regulates activity of thoracic and abdominal organs, a such as gastrointestinal peristalsis, heart rate, and blood pressure, as well as sweating; sensory and motor

A

CN X (Vagus)

44
Q

three branches; detects sensations, such as nociception and temperature on the head and face, moves muscles of mastication, and is both sensory and motor

A

CN V (Trigeminal)

45
Q

emerge from the sides of the spinal cord

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves

46
Q

areas of skin supplied by a single sensory spinal nerve

A

dermatomes

47
Q

groups of skeletal muscles supplied by single motor spinal nerve

A

myotomes

48
Q

also known as myotatic reflexes; are reflexive muscle contractions in response to muscle stretch stimuli

A

stretch reflexes

49
Q

controls energy conservation and dominates during periods of rest and under calm conditions

A

parasympathetic division

50
Q

controls energy expenditure and dominates during physical exertion or emotional stress; occur quickly

A

sympathetic division

51
Q

receives external stimuli and are located on or near the surface of the body, such as skin and mucosa

A

exteroceptors

52
Q

Specialized interoceptors found in muscles, joints, and ears

A

Proprioceptors

53
Q

Detect changes in temperature and are found in the skin and mucosae

A

Thermoreceptors

Massage Therapy (5 decks)

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