MTR Flashcards
What do you need to think about when designing a weapon?
What is the target? Where is the target? What do you want to do to it? How can you achieve that?
What types of target are there?
Personnel, Vehicles, Structures, Ships, Air Targets, Equipment
What characteristic does MBT have when looking to defeat it?
Perforation - Heavily armoured at front, Less well armoured top sides and bottom.
Blast - Very resistant if closed down, Large blast beneath vehicle is effective
What to consider when targeting Hard structures?
Make up of the structure (Monolithic - Many meters of concrete, Layered - Several separate thin layers of concrete, Combination of the two), Where to detonate, Collateral damage
What are the characteristics of ships?
Huge range of sizes from 2,800 tonnes - 100,000 tonmes, high buoyancy, bulkheads 10-30mm thick, assume average compartment volumen 100m^3, require to flood 3 compartments to destroy buoyancy
What is the construction makeup of a submarine?
Huge range of size, relatively small volume within inner hull, little reserve buoyancy, outer hull may provide good protection
What do you need to consider when targetting aircraft (helicopters and planes) ?
Minor damage can cause platform loss - eventually, serious damage required for immediate loss, speed of taget and possible altitude (manoeuvrable missle, close approach, close warhead fuze matching)
What effects do you want on the target?
DEstory, defeat, neutralize, disrupt, fix, block, suppress, Lethal Kill, Incapacitate, supress, F Kill- fire power kill, MKill - Mobility kill, KKill - Catastrophic kill (complete loss of the target) Ckill - Comms kill, Akill - Acqiosotopm system kill
What is accuracy?
The ability of a weapon system to place the Mean Point of Impact (MPI) of a series of rounds on a give point or accuarcy is the distance betrween the aiming point and the actual point, and precision is the range of points
What is consistency/precision?
The degree of dispersion of that series of rounds about the MPI (the ability to repeatedly hit the same point)
What is the weapon Designer’s dilemma?
Should size and wight of guidance be increased to reduce dispersion, or should the payload be increased to reduce critical damage at the greater miss distance.
What is essential for energy coupling?
It is essential that as much energy as reasonable be left in the target as in a soft skin veh a long rod penetrator can pass through causing very little damage other than puncture holes.
What do you need to know when looking at a target vulnerabilities?
The characteristics of the target, the engagement scenario, the characteristics of the warhead, estimated damage level
What to think about when thinking about warhead design?
Do we need a warhead? Is the kinetic energy of the missile adequate? Can we guarantee a hit?
What factors affect warhead performance?
Efficiency of energy coupling to target, dispersion, attenuation, damage volume propagation
What is the make up of a missle?
Warhead, Delivery systems, fuzing system
What are the design considerations of a missle?
The intended target, the level of desired damage, means of delivery, cost, service life
What are the types of warheads of a missle?
Blast, Fragmenting, directed explosive energy, others (kinetic energy, CBRN)
How do you defeat a threat from a munition?
Determine the threat against which protection is required, understand your failure mechanisms, consider armour application and materials (Passive systems, Reactive systems)
What are the parts of the survivability onion?
Dont be - There, identified, aquired, engaged, hit, penetrated, affected
What are the key points of dont be there?
Situation awareness, remote systems ( using UAVs, Co-operative action, stand off weapons
What are the key points of dont be seen?
Situation awareness, tactics, stealth
What are the key points about dont be acquired?
Camouflage, jamming, Dectection (8 pixels), Reconition (16 pixels), Identification (32 pixels)
What are the key points of dont be hit?
Manoeuvre, Defensive Aid Suites (DAS)
What are the key points of dont be penetrated?
Keep your legs closed, Armour
What are the characteristics of armour design?
Primary - prevent penetration, Secondary - mitigate overmatch, tertiary - other requirements ( fire water temperature fuel resistance, retain performance after impact)
What is areal density?
The areal density of a particular armour to provide protection against a specified threat is defined as the mas of a 1 metre square plate of the armour of the requred thickness to defeat the threat.
In bullets what is the most common material used?
Lead, copper, steel
What is the most comon design for bullets?
A 6D Ogive and for ultra low drag it can be up to 10D. The Ogive radius is 6x the bullets diameter.
What can the shape of the Ogive affect?
Shape of Ogive greatly affects Yaw lift (overturning moment) and therefore stability
What does boat tail design in bullets aid with?
Boat tail can aid low veolcity drag. Can adversly affect projectile yaw on muzzle exit
What is freebore?
Freebore is the distance from the end of the chamber to the commencement of rifling. It allows the cartridge to be loaded giving, giving clearance to the projectile. Its design will depend on the projectile that is intended to be fired. Too short an action will be tight to close and will increase chamber pressures.
What types of materials are cases made out of?
Brass, Steel, corrosion resistant steel, stainless steel, aluminium, plastics
What types of cannon ammunition is there?
Armour piercing discarding sabot, armour piercing discarding sabot fin stabilized, Fragmenting high explosive traced, Inert practice traced
How is a fuze stored safely?
Saftey shutter is locked with the detonator out of line with the firing pin by the security pin. Firing pin is secured by the split collet.
How are the fuzes armed?
Centrifugal force pulls back the firing pin. Split collet opens. Security pin is removed and safety shutter rotates. Firing pin is only restrained by spheres.
How does the fuze function on impact?
Shock is transmitted to spheres driving them into their recess and releasing the firing pin.
What happens when a fuze self destructs?
The Spin rate decays and the centrifugal force diminishes. Spheres are driven into their recess and firing pin is released.
What are the uses of electronic fuzes?
Used to provide mulitpurpose function in such things as impact function, proximity function, timed function
What two fuzes combined make a delayed detonation fuze?
Timed and impact function
What two fuzes combine to make gated proximity fuzes?
Combine proximity and timed function to obtain gated proximity
What are the characteristics of projectile with enhanced lateral effect?
No explosives in projectile, general purpose ammunition, which is effective against - soft material targets, lightly armoured targets and urban targets
What are the issues with a normal conventional cannon
Space is a huge problem, this can be reduced by reducing ammunition length, changing the operating system or changing both
What the benefits of Cased telescoped ammunition?
They take up less space whilst still keeping the leathal capability and same calibre
