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ATO > Ammo > Flashcards

Ammo Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of lethalality?

A

Target characteristics, effect on target, weapon being used

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2
Q

For a Veh what 3 parts would you need to defeat?

A

Crew, mobility, and firepower

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3
Q

What are you looking for in a M kill?

A

Mobility kill - kill the driver, track wheels, engine

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4
Q

What are you looking for in a F kill?

A

Firepower kill - gunner/loader, turret weapon station, armament, optics sensors

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5
Q

What are you looking for in a K kill?

A

Catastrophic kill - veh crew kill, (missed the rest)

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6
Q

Two basic modes of attack for attacking armour?

A

Chemical energy, kinetic energy

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7
Q

What is the equation of Kinetic energy?

A

E=1/2MV^2

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8
Q

Characteristics of kinetic energy attack?

A

Flat trajectory, high mass and velocity, unsophisticated, no fuze, high velocity, high pressures

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9
Q

Why does the sabot need to be removed in flight on a KE attack?

A

So there is less drag

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10
Q

How can you improve KE rounds?

A

Increase L/D ratio, Increase penetrator density - W/DU, reduce mass of sabot, improve sabot separation, increase, propellant energy, longer barrel, increase barrel calibre, liquid propellants, EM rail gun and Electro thermal chemical

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11
Q

In a chemical energy weapon what has an effect on the target?

A

The explosives

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12
Q

What is a major difference between KE and CE ammunition?

A

The fuze

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of directed energy warheads?

A

HESH, HEAT, EFP

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14
Q

Features of a HESH round?

A

Thin walls, inert nose pad to absorb shock of hitting the target, base fuze, tracer

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15
Q

What does the Explosive fill need to be in a HESH round?

A

Malleable

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16
Q

How does the HESH round work?

A

Shell pancakes on target, detonates, causes a Incident compressive wave, whic then forms a reflective tensile wave scab which causes scabbing of the armour inside the target

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17
Q

Does HESH require huge amounts of spin

A

No, although spin stabilised on impact it doesnt want huge amounts of spin

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18
Q

What factors change how a shape charge works?

A

Initiation, wave shaper, angle of attack, do not spin, explosive fill, stand off, cone material, cone shape, cone angle, cone diameter, wave shaper

19
Q

What is the biggest factor in a shape charge penetration?

A

Cone diameter, greater cone dimeter greater penetration depth

20
Q

What can a shape charge penetrate against RHA?

A

up to 10x

21
Q

how to improve armour?

A

Slope it, bar armour, ERA

22
Q

How is the body broken down as a target?

A

Head, chest, Legs, torso

23
Q

Human Target Characteristics?

A

Unpredictable, difficult to acquire, protected by armour, short exposure tine delicate and vulnerable - Complex target

24
Q

Probability of Kill?

A

Probability of weapon working x probability of a hit x probability of hit being lethal

25
Q

What is incapacitiating?

A

When someone is unable to carry out their primary task

26
Q

What is suppression?

A

The enemy is suppressed when they are unable or unwilling to OFM on to friendly forces due to either threat or fear of injury

27
Q

What are the effect on the human body from an explosives?

A

Blast/over pressure, high explosive driven fragmentation, low explosive driven bullet, incendiary/heat/burn, pyro

28
Q

What does all the pale green shell contain?

A

White phosphorous

29
Q

How much space on the body is taken up by areas if hit would lead to rapid incapacitation?

A

Total of 720 cm^2

30
Q

How many different types of incapacitation are there?

A

14 different types with the main two being defence for 30 seconds and assault for 5 minutes this is normally due to adrenaline

31
Q

How much time does it take for it to count as rapid incapacitationing.

A

1 Second

32
Q

3 main methods for causing casulaties

A

Small arms, Fragmentation, blast

33
Q

What causes the incapacting when small arms hits the body?

A

Its the dumping of energy in the body

34
Q

What are the two types of cavitation?

A

Temporary and permanent

35
Q

What are the key characteristics of effectiveness on impact in the body?

A

Amount of energy transfer(important), rate of transfer(Important), location of transfer, density of tissue hit, vital organs hit

36
Q

how much energy does something require for it to be leathal?

A

80 joules or above for an unprotected person

37
Q

Types of fragmentation?

A

Natural frag, Controlled frag, Pre-formed frag

38
Q

What is the difference between preformed and controlled frag?

A

Controlled is built into the shell by notches, where is preformed is more like flachette or nuts and bolts

39
Q

What is important when designing a shell for fragmentation

A

Charge to weight ratio

40
Q

What is blast

A

An effect caused by detonation shock wave pasing through the air spreadign outwards formt he point of iniditoation. the imapact of this shock wave through on the air.

41
Q

What are the three distinct phenomena from blast injuries?

A

Acceleration - blast vibrates through tissues
Spalling in the lung
Impolsion decreases oressure casues sudden expanstion bubbles

42
Q

What is the mach stem effect?

A

The rebounding blast wave off the floor meeting the blast wave from the air burst muntion causing a double wave front

43
Q
A

ATO (7 decks)

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