MTB 2 Flashcards
How does Juvenile Angiofibroma (JNA) present ?
Adolescent w epistaxis
Nasal obstruction
Visible nasal mass
Is JNA malignant or benign?
Benign - but can erode and invade local area
TX for JNA?
Remove if:
Enlarging
Chronic nosebleeds
obstructing airways
Omphalocele
Wall defect where intestines and organs form beyond abdominal wall WITH sac covering
How to screen for omphalocele?
Maternal AFP and US
Tx for omphalocele
Surgical reintroduction
What congenital disorder ass’d with omphalocele?
Edwards. 18
What do high AFP levels indicate?
NTDs
Abd wall defects
MCC for high AFP?
Incorrect dating
What is umbilical hernia ass’d with?
Hypothyroidism
Tx for umbilical hernia?
Most close by age 3.
Surgical repair at age 4.
What IS an umbilical hernia?
Weakness of rectus abdominis
vessels and bowel protrude
What is gastroschisis?
Wall defect where intestines and organs form beyond abdominal wall WITHOUT sac covering
Where is gastroschisis in relation to midline?
Lateral to midline
Tx for gastroschisis?
Immediate surgical intervention - gradual reintroduction of bowel
What age do wee see Wilms tumor?
Ages 2-5
Large palpable abdominal mass?
Wilms tumor
Presentation of Wilms tumor?
MC Asymptomatic
Hematuria, HTN, fever
Constipation, abd pain with N/V
Where does Wilms tumor metastasize to?
Lung
MC primary renal neoplasm in kids?
Wilm’s tumor
Wilm’s tumor ass’d with?
Aniridia - malignancy
Best initial test for Wilms tumor
Abd US
Most accurate test for Wilms?
CT
Deletion on chromosome 11 with large palpable abdominal mass?
WAGR Wilms tumor Aniridia Genitourinary malformation MR
Tx for Wilms?
Total nephrectomy w/chemo and radiation
If BL kidney -> partial nephrectomy
What age do we see neuroblastoma?
Usually 1st year of life
Abdominal mass that crosses midline in infant?
Neuroblastoma
Hypsarrythmia (dancing eyes) and opsoclonus (dancing feet)?
Neuroblastoma
MC cancer in infants?
Neuroblastoma
Dx for Neuroblastoma?
Increased VMA and metanephrines in urine
How to Dx UTIs in peds?
Pyuria on UA and growth of 50,000 colony forming units
TX for UTI in peds?
7-14 days oral Abx
TX for 1st febrile UTI in pt < 24 mo’s?
Renal and bladder US
How does Hydrocele present?
Painless
Swollen
Fluid-filled sac
Along spermatic cords w/in scrotum
What transilluminates upon inspection?
Hydrocele
Tx for hydrocele?
Usually resolves w/in 6 mos
What is cryptorchidism?
Absence of one testicle
When do we treat cryptorchidism?
After 1 year - orchiplexy
Why do we do orchiplexy in cryptorchidism?
to avoid sterility
What is cryptorchidism ass’d with
Malignancy
What is hypospadias?
Opening of urethra is on ventral side of penis
What is hypospadias ass’d with?
Cryptorchidism
Inguinal hernia
Tx for hypospadias?
surgical correction
Do we circumcise hypospadias?
NO
What is epispadias ass’d with?
Urinary incontinence
bladder exstrophy
Epispadias
Opening of urethra is on dorsal side of penis
MC cyanotic heart defect in kids?
Tet of FAllot
5 yo presents with SOB while playing with kids, bluish hue to his lips with frequent squatting?
Tet of Fallot
Tet of fallot murmur
Holosystolic murmur heart best at left lower sternal border
What effect does squatting have on preload adn SVR?
Increases preload
Increased SVR
R to L shunting causes increased pulmonary blood flow and increased blood oxygen saturation
What does CXR show for tet of fallot?
Boot shaped heart
Decreased pulmonary vascular markings
