MT3 Session 11-

Question 1

What is clinical microbiology concerned with?

Answer 1

investigate, diagnose, & advise management of microbial infection

Question 2

Why should a clinical microbiologist ID a pathogen? (3)

Answer 2

1. ID antibiotic resistance-> tract antibioR
2. some strains have characteristic COMPLICATIONS
3. lead to source

Question 3

endemic (outbreak)

Answer 3

t=always, frequency = low

Question 4

epidemic (outbreak)

Answer 4

t= short period, frequency = hi, restricted region

Question 5

pandemic (outbreak)

Answer 5

t = t= short period, frequency = global scale

Question 6

Cholera:

symptom, treatment, control

Answer 6

symptom: secretory diarrhea –>dehydration
treatment: aggressive fluid replacement (v. effective)
control: good sanitation

Question 7

father of Epidemiology - what did he do?

Answer 7

John Snow

found source of cholera in london - shut down well

Question 8

cholera only has epidemics

it is not endemic to any region

Answer 8

FALSE- endemic to afgan, NEPALm

Question 9

Is cholera endemic to Haiti?

Answer 9

NO

Question 10

MLST

Answer 10

multilocus sequence typing:

isolate V. Cholerae, ID genetic snp (single nucleotide polymorphisms, compare

Question 11

What was the Haiti strain of V cholerae most related to? What characteristic of V cholerae provided more evidence that it didn’t evolve pathogenicity n Haiti itself?

Answer 11

Nepal-4 and Nepal-3

V Choerae doesn’t transform - no evidence of LTG
time frame ok with intrinsic mutation processes’ changing it

Question 12

factors for weapon potential of a microbe

Answer 12

virulence: high for immediate effects, low for society destabilization

communicability - person to person?

stability - live enough to transfer?

time to disease: t(inf) - t(disease)

Question 13

classification system for bioterrors

Answer 13

A - hi transmit, hi death
B- moderate transmit, moderate death
C- potential threat

Question 14

some Category A bioterrorists

Answer 14

Bacillus anthracis, yersinia pestis

Question 15

Bacillus anthracis genetics

Answer 15

plasmids: pXO1, pXO2: anthrax toxin, capsule

Question 16

pXO1

Answer 16

anthrax toxin

Question 17

pXO2

Answer 17

capsule

Question 18

Bacillus anthracis -symptoms

Answer 18

mainly with herbivores

inhalational, Gastrointestinal

Question 19

Bacillus anthracis - treatment

Answer 19

fluoroquinolones

Question 20

Bacillus anthracis endospore formation

Answer 20

1. create forespore dna - compartmentalize
2. degrade mother cell dna
3. successive layers of protecting coats

Question 21

weapon potential of Bacillus anthracis

Answer 21

• spores stable
• hi infectivity - as aerosol as well
• hi lethality

Question 22

Bacillus anthracis relatedness test

Answer 22

1. find genetic polymorphisms (point mutations)
2. compare
3. result: us army’s research’s most equivalent

Question 23

Klebsiella pneumoniae symptoms

Answer 23

lobar pneumonia - Community asooc
pyogenic liver abscess (emerging)
MDR sepsis- whole body inflammation_nosocomial_

Question 24

Klebsiella pneumoniae genetics - significance

Answer 24

bla gene - b-lactamase, & missense subs -> different b-lactamases

bla genes on chromosome, mobile genetic elements -> transfer to others, often with other antibioR

Question 25

strict cohorting

Answer 25

mech to stop spread of nomocosmial disease:

have group work as team on patient - no other patients

Question 26

Klebsiella pneumoniae - epidemiology - tracking

Answer 26

by infection date, map of hospital and links

Question 27

what is Kleb pneumoniae sensitiveto in NIH thing?

Answer 27

colistin

Question 28

toll like receptors

Answer 28

trigger cytokine release(immune comminucators)