MT3 Session 11- Flashcards
What is clinical microbiology concerned with?
investigate, diagnose, & advise management of microbial infection
Why should a clinical microbiologist ID a pathogen? (3)
- ID antibiotic resistance-> tract antibioR
- some strains have characteristic COMPLICATIONS
- lead to source
endemic (outbreak)
t=always, frequency = low
epidemic (outbreak)
t= short period, frequency = hi, restricted region
pandemic (outbreak)
t = t= short period, frequency = global scale
Cholera:
symptom, treatment, control
symptom: secretory diarrhea –>dehydration
treatment: aggressive fluid replacement (v. effective)
control: good sanitation
father of Epidemiology - what did he do?
John Snow
found source of cholera in london - shut down well
cholera only has epidemics
it is not endemic to any region
FALSE- endemic to afgan, NEPALm
Is cholera endemic to Haiti?
NO
MLST
multilocus sequence typing:
isolate V. Cholerae, ID genetic snp (single nucleotide polymorphisms, compare
What was the Haiti strain of V cholerae most related to? What characteristic of V cholerae provided more evidence that it didn’t evolve pathogenicity n Haiti itself?
Nepal-4 and Nepal-3
V Choerae doesn’t transform - no evidence of LTG
time frame ok with intrinsic mutation processes’ changing it
factors for weapon potential of a microbe
virulence: high for immediate effects, low for society destabilization
communicability - person to person?
stability - live enough to transfer?
time to disease: t(inf) - t(disease)
classification system for bioterrors
A - hi transmit, hi death
B- moderate transmit, moderate death
C- potential threat
some Category A bioterrorists
Bacillus anthracis, yersinia pestis
Bacillus anthracis genetics
plasmids: pXO1, pXO2: anthrax toxin, capsule
pXO1
anthrax toxin
pXO2
capsule
Bacillus anthracis -symptoms
mainly with herbivores
inhalational, Gastrointestinal
Bacillus anthracis - treatment
fluoroquinolones
Bacillus anthracis endospore formation
- create forespore dna - compartmentalize
- degrade mother cell dna
- successive layers of protecting coats
weapon potential of Bacillus anthracis
- spores stable
- hi infectivity - as aerosol as well
- hi lethality
Bacillus anthracis relatedness test
- find genetic polymorphisms (point mutations)
- compare
- result: us army’s research’s most equivalent
Klebsiella pneumoniae symptoms
lobar pneumonia - Community asooc
pyogenic liver abscess (emerging)
MDR sepsis- whole body inflammation_nosocomial_
Klebsiella pneumoniae genetics - significance
bla gene - b-lactamase, & missense subs -> different b-lactamases
bla genes on chromosome, mobile genetic elements -> transfer to others, often with other antibioR
strict cohorting
mech to stop spread of nomocosmial disease:
have group work as team on patient - no other patients
Klebsiella pneumoniae - epidemiology - tracking
by infection date, map of hospital and links
what is Kleb pneumoniae sensitiveto in NIH thing?
colistin
toll like receptors
trigger cytokine release(immune comminucators)
