MT2 > Disease: Historical Examples Flashcards
Who wrote the historical account of the plague of Athens? When?
Thucydides in ~430 BCE, then later Lucretius in ~100 BCE.
When was the Justinian plague? Who recorded this outbreak?
AD 542, recounted by Procopius.
When was the Black Death spreading through Europe? In what historical work was the incidence of this disease recorded? By who?
AD 1348, recorded in Decameron by Boccacio.
How has infectious disease shaped human history? Give a few examples.
Domestication of animals and urbanization led to increased disease infection, resulting in development of immunity.
Around what time did the Herpes virus begin to appear in human populations?
~1-2 million years ago.
When did smallpox first appear in humans? How?
~5000-10000 years ago smallpox jumped from camels to humans.
What historical development allowed the continuous transmission of measles and mumps? When did this begin?
Establishment of city states with increased population density ~5000 years ago.
Who first described the difference between measles and smallpox? What might this definition have formed the basis of?
Razes differentiated the two. His description of treatments may have been the basis for smallpox inoculation.
What two countries introduced smallpox inoculation in the 18th century?
England and China.
What is James Jurin responsible for re: smallpox?
Provided the basis for epidemiology through his study of smallpox inoculation.
What issues did D’Alembert have with smallpox inoculation?
Raised ethical problems associated with a purely mathematical evaluation of risk.
When did Jenner make his inoculation discovery? For what?
Tested the cowpox inoculation against smallpox in 1796.
What is the Canadian scientist d’Herelle known for discovering?
The bacteriophage.
When were the first eukaryotic cell cultures developed?
1948-1950.
When was the first antibiotic discovered? What was it? Who discovered it?
In 1928 Fleming discovered penicillin.
