MT1 > Human Disease Definitions 1

Question 1

Define “pathology”.

Answer 1

The study of disease.

Question 2

Define “etiology”.

Answer 2

The study of the cause of a disease.

Question 3

Define “parthogenesis”.

Answer 3

The development of disease.

Question 4

Define “infection”.

Answer 4

Colonization of the body by pathogens.

Question 5

Define “disease”.

Answer 5

An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally.

Question 6

What differentiates transient microbiota from normal microbiota?

Answer 6

Transient: present for a limited time
Normal: permanently colonize the host

Question 7

How can normal microbiota protect their host organism?

Answer 7

As per the competitive exclusion principle, normal microbiota can defend against pathogens by occupying the available niches.

Question 8

What are the 4 most common causes of infectious disease?

Answer 8

1. Bacteria
2. Viruses
3. Protozoa
4. Prions

Question 9

What differentiates gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?

Answer 9

+ve: thick peptidoglycan wall outside the membrane

-ve: 2 membranes enclosing periplasm and thin peptidoglycan layer

Question 10

What are Koch’s 4 postulates?

Answer 10

1. Every case of a disease shares the same pathogen
2. Pathogen must be isolated and grown
3. Cultured pathogen must cause same disease in a different organism
4. Isolated pathogen must be shown to be identical to the original