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POTH 455 > MT1 Cases and presentations > Flashcards

MT1 Cases and presentations Flashcards

1
Q

what is spina bifida?

A

neural tube is not compeltely closed

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2
Q

what is the cause of SB?

A

unknown cause

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3
Q

what are the types of SB?

A

occulata
meningocele
myelomeningocele

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4
Q

what are risk factors associtated with SB

A 
o	Folate deficiency during pregnancy
o	Family history 
o	Obesity
o	Medications; anti-seizure
o	Diabetes
o	Elevated body temperature
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5
Q

what are some signs and symptoms associated with SB?

A

in myelomeningocele: weakness of limbs, loss of sensation, foot malformation, siezures, bowel/bladder dysfuntion

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6
Q

treatments for SB?

A

surgery pre or post birth

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7
Q

detection of SB?

A

SB occulata can only be detected after birth

the two other types can be detected via blood test and ultrasound

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8
Q

role of PTOT with SB?

A

o Help address muscle weakness
o Provide independence in ADLs
o Assistive technologies
o Patient mobility

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9
Q

SB on psychosocial aspect

A
  • socialization
  • attention deficit
  • limited accessibility
  • difficulty accomplishing ADLs
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10
Q

What is DMD?

A

X-lined recessive disease that causes a mutation in dystrophine

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11
Q

who is more at risk of DMD

A

males,

females are crriers

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12
Q

what % of people are affected by DMD?

A

1/3500 WORLDWIDE

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13
Q

What are some signs and symptoms associated witn DMD

A

toe walk and glute max gait
lack of stability
loss of motor functions
disruption of brain finctions

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14
Q

diagnosing DMD?

A

genetic tests
muscular biospies
CK testing

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15
Q

what are some disabilites associated with DMD?

A

Cognitive
cardiac/cardiomyopathy
scoliosis
difficulty breaking (death is often caused by this)

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16
Q

psychosocial aspects of DMD

A

limited participation
transport limitations
self esteem

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17
Q

treatment for DMD

A

NO CURE

corticosteroids to reduce muscle weakness

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18
Q

PTOT involvement in DMD

A

 Maintain ambulation and independence as long as possible
 Improve rom
 Reduce loss of strength
 Stretching to prevent contractions and muscle imbalances
 Assistive technologies

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19
Q

What is MS

A

o Neurodegenerative autoimmune inflammatory that affects the CNS

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20
Q

what happens to the myelin sheaths in MS patients?

A

damage which slows down signal transmission

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21
Q

how is MS classified?

A

based on relapses, disease progression and lesion development

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22
Q

what are the different types of MS

A

primary progressive MS
secondary progressive MS
primary progressive relapsing MS
relapsing remitting MS

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23
Q

what causes MS?

A

unknown

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24
Q

what are some risk factors associated to MS?

A

o Children of parents with MS are more at risk

o Viral infections (epinstein barr) low vit D and type 1 diabetes have been linked to MS

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25
Q

who is more affected by MS?

A

females ~32 years old
smokers
northern eastern europeens

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26
Q

what are some signs and symptoms associated with MS?

A 
Numbness/tingling
pain
weakness
visual disturbances
fatigue
spasticity
ataxia
bladder/bowel and sexual dysfunction
loss of balance
difficulty speaking or swallowing
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27
Q

how can MS be diagnoes?

A

analysis of reoccurance os symptoms; must last 24H and be separated fromast attack for over 1 month
MRI, Lumbar puncture, evoked potentials

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28
Q

what are some psychosocla aspects associated with MS?

A

loss of independence
overwhelming symptoms
limited social interactions
emotional incomfort; burden, self-esteem etc

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29
Q

possible treatments for MS?

A

no cure

can use medication as muscle relaxants, corticosteroid, disease modifying drugs

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30
Q

implications of PTOT with MS?

A

 Stretching and strengthening to reduce muscle weakness and spasticity
 Energy conservation techniques

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31
Q

hydrocephalus?

A

o Buildup of CSF in the CNS due to blockage of flow, impeded absorption of CSF or excessive CSF production
o Accumulation results in enlargements of the brain ventricles and increases ICP

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32
Q

what are the different types of hydrocephalus?

A

acquired or congenital

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33
Q

what population groups are more prone to developing hydrocephalus?

A

infants and older adults

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34
Q

who is more at risk of NPH?

A

MALES

>60 YO

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35
Q

what are some possible causes of hydrocephalus?

A

congenital disorders such as spina bifida, complications during premature birth, tumors in the CNS, infections (meningitis) or hemorrhage

36
Q

how can hydrocephalus be detected?

A

MRI/CT scans

37
Q

what are some signs and symptoms in infant hydrocephalus?

A 
skull expansion
irritability
down deviation
vomiting
sleepiness
occular impairments
personality changes
bladder incontinence
38
Q

symptoms of hydrocephalus can be confused with what other illnesses?

A

 Alzheimer
 Parkinson’s
 Creutzfeldt-jakob

39
Q

psychosocial aspects of hydrocephalus?

A
  • decreased cognition and devlopment in children
  • limited ADLs
  • difficulty interacting
40
Q

treatments for hydrocephalus

A

surgical shunt system

third ventriculostomy

41
Q

implication of PTOT in hydrocephalus?

A

address permanent impairments and help follow developmental model

42
Q

what causes TSCI?

A

external impact

43
Q

what are the main causes of TSCI?

A

Falls, MVA, Sports, assults

44
Q

who is more at risk of TSCI?

A

men/ teens adults for MVA

>70 yo for falls

45
Q

signs and symptoms of TSCI?

A 
o	Back pain and neck pressure
o	Weakness/paralysis
o	Numbness/tingling or sensory loss
o	Bladder/bowel dysfunction
o	Impaired breathing
o	In acute phase; Spinal shock
46
Q

diagnosis of TSCI?

A

o Imaging techniques
o Lab studies of arterial blood gas, lactase levels, Hb or Ht levels
o Urinalysis will provide more info about the extent of the injury

47
Q

Psychosocial aspects of TSCI?

A 
limited transportation and accessibility
loss of autonomu
negative emotions
secreased sociability
high rate of unemplyments
48
Q

treatment for TSCI?

A
  • acute center to rehab center
  • immobilize neck and SC
  • surgery in the case of compression
  • medication for pain and spasticity
  • methydprednisolone can improve motor function
49
Q

role of PTOT in TSCI?

A

o PT/OT: muscle strengthening, fine motor skills, education, adaptive ADLs
o Technologies including robotic gait training

50
Q

Risk factors of stoke?

A 
	Heart disease
	CAD
	Hypercholesterolemia
	Hypertension
	Diabetes
51
Q

consequences associated to stokes?

A

location of lesion willimpact functions

52
Q

left lesion in stoke patients?

A

right hemiparesis of face and UE
contralateral sensory loss
gaze preference to the lefr

53
Q

infarct on dominant side

A

expressive aphasia

54
Q

infarct on non dominant side

A

disturbance of spatial awareness

55
Q

treatments for stoke

A

IVT to unblock clot from vessel (4-5H after stoke)
mechanical thombectomy (24H after symptoms)
decrease of ICP using clipping, burr ghole or endovascular therapy
medication such as balcofene

56
Q

involvement of PTOT in stroke patients?

A

teach adaptive techniques and help them in accomplishing ADLs as independently. Use FES to improves motor skills or use of CIMT which forces patient to use weaker limb and break the non-use pattern established

57
Q

psychosocial aspects in stoke patients

A 
loss of speech, continues to understand
weakened muscles of the mouth
UMN lesions
limited social network
pain
decreased ADLs
58
Q

what is BPA?

A

 Complete lesion of some or all C5-T1 preganglionic or post ganglionic spinal nerve roots from the SC

59
Q

what causes BPA

A

MVA, high contact sports, birth complications, tumors etc

60
Q

in what position do lesion in the BPA occur?

A

falls on the neck and shoulder which are stretch inferiorly and laterally

61
Q

what population is most at risk of BPA?

A

men ages 21-30 are most at risk due to MVA

62
Q

what are some signs and symptoms associated with MVA

A

sensory impairements
muscle weakess
total or partial losses

63
Q

diagnosis of BPA

A

Physical signs; dermatomes and myotomes
imaging techniques; ct 3-4 Weeks after, MRI to asses damage
EMG to determine motor functions

64
Q

impairments associated with bPA

A 
chronic pain
stiff joints
muscle atrophy
numbness
erbs palsy
klumpe palsy
65
Q

psychosocial aspects of BPA?

A
  • adl modification
  • transport
  • emotional
  • limited participation
66
Q

treatments for BPA

A

surgeries to restor motor/sensory function
nerve remplacements
muscle and tendon transfers to athrophies muscles
wear brace during recovery
medication to relieve pain

67
Q

involvement of PTOT in BPA?

A

 Rehabilitation: stretching and exercises to amplify UL ROM, joint flexibility & work on ADLs and fine motor skills

68
Q

how can stroke be prevented?

A

diet modifications
PA
smoking

69
Q

why is smoking a risk factor associated to stoke?

A

fatty buildup and nictoine increases BOP

70
Q

ALS?

A

o Neurological diseases that targets a-MN for voluntary movements

71
Q

cause of ALS?

A

UNKNOWN

72
Q

what may contribute to ALS?

A 
glutamate excitotoxicity
increased intracellular Ca2+
abnormal macrophage activity in CSF
Toxins
genetic mutations
physical trauma
73
Q

what population is most at risk of ALS due to intense PA?

A

veterans

74
Q

ALS in more common in who/

A

men ~40-60 Y/o

75
Q

signs and symptoms of ALS

A 
	Progressive muscle weakness
	Shortness of breathe
	Decreased muscle tone
	Spasticity
	Difficulty walking
	Lack of motor coordination
	Increase or decrease in reflexes
	Dysphagia  malnutrition
	Respiratory failure that will eventually cause death
76
Q

how to diagnose ALS?

A

Series of test to rule out MS and primary lateral sclerosis

blood work, biopsises, urine tests

77
Q

psychosocial aspects ALS

A 
o	Loss of independence
o	Inability to speak, swallow, breathe
o	Restricted
o	Limited ADLs
o	Limited ambulation
o	Feels helpless, confined, fatigued, depressed
78
Q

treatments ALS

A

no cure

medication to slow down MN degradation or to decline clinical assessment

79
Q

involvement of PTOT in ALS?

A

 Facilitate movements with equipment

 Muscle stretching, resistance and functional training

80
Q

What are some increased risks associated with NTSCI?

A

o Increased risked if you have arthritis, osteoporosis, disk prolapse or degeneration, tumors, epidural abscesses

81
Q

Who is most at risk of NTSCI?

A

o Greater prevalence in men between 75-84 years old.

82
Q

what is the incidence of NTSCI per year

A

68M

83
Q

what are some signs and symptoms of NTSCI

A

Loss of sensory and motor functions
bladder/bowel/sexual dysfunction
spasticity
pain

84
Q

diagnosis NTSCI

A

patient history
imagery
neurological testing

85
Q

psychosocial aspects of NTSCI?

A

Loss of independence
mobility and transport limitations
burden

86
Q

treatment for NTSCI?

A

Surgery in cases or tumors, hematoma or degenrative SC conditions to prevent further damage
medication to alleviate paIn

87
Q

involvement of PTOT in NTSCI

A

improve fine motor skill, stretch muscles, teach new techniques to ease ADLs.
o Adaptive technologies to promote independence

POTH 455 (6 decks)

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