MT 2 Ida Flashcards
In Europe only low virulence strains of IBuDV can be found.
F.
IBuD is a very contagious disease.
T.
Pigeons are the most susceptible to IBuDV.
F.
Early IBuDV infection damages the humoral immunity.
T.
Wild birds are involved in the transmission cycle of Eastern Eq Encephalomyelitis (EEE).
T.
Ticks are involved in the transmission cycle of EEE.
F.
Viral Eq encephalomyelitis is usually diagnosed on the basis of CS.
F.
In endemic countries vaccines are available against Eq viral encephalomyelitis.
T.
Flaviviruses form distinct serotypes, without serological cross- reactions.
F.
Tick- borne encephalitis virus can be transmitted with raw goat milk.
T.
Tick- borne encephalitis is mainly seen in humans.
T.
The principle vector of Louping ill virus is Rhipicephalus appendiculatus.
F.
WNV is only present in Africa.
F.
Eq are the reservoir hosts of WNV.
F.
The weather influences the emergence of WNV outbreaks, through it’s effect on mosquito propagation dynamics.
T.
Lab diagnosis should confirm the aetiology of West Nile Encephalitis.
T.
Sus is ø susceptible to BoVDV.
F.
The BoVDV genotype 2 is less virulent than genotype 1.
F.
The BoVDV cannot be transmitted by AI.
F.
Intrauterine BoVDV infection always causes abortion.
F.
Fomites do ø play a role in the transmission of CSFV.
F.
Transplacental infection with CSFV may cause immunotolerance in new- born piglets.
T.
Sus shed CSFV only in the terminal phase of the disease.
F.
Europe is free from CSFV.
F.
CSFV is always an acute disease with high mortality in wild boars.
F.
The large intestine are the earliest lesions in CSF.
F.
The diagnosis of CSF is based on paired serum investigations.
F.
Porcine circovirus 2 may cause lesions similar to CSF.
T.
Rodents are the reservoirs hosts of Schmallenberg virus.
T.
In cattle Schmallenberg virus causes transient febrile disease with reduced milk production.
T.
Rift Valley fever virus is a zoonotic agent.
T.
The most frequent sign of the Nairobi sheep disease is encephalitis.
F.
ASF does ø occur in Europe.
F.
ASF is a resistant virus.
T.
Immunocomplexes are formed in the case of ASF.
T.
Only activated vaccines are used for the prevention of ASF.
F.
Teschen disease occurs all over the world.
F.
Only Sus are susceptible to teschovirus encephalomyelitis.
T.
Teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus is transmitted by arthopods.
F.
There is widespread vaccination using inactivated vaccines to prevent teschovirus encephalomyeltis.
F.
Encephalomyocarditis virus can infect only Sus.
F.
Encephalomyocarditis virus remains infective in the environment.
T.
Encephalomyocarditis virus can cause /os infection.
T.
Encephalomyocarditis virus can infect humans.
T.
FMD is sporadic in Europe.
T.
Resistance of FMDV is high, in the environment it remains infectious for weeks.
T.
FMDV frequently causes carditis in young animals.
T.
H2O buffalos are ø susceptible for FMD.
F.
The main signs of FMD are: fever, salivation, formation of vesicles + lameness.
T.
Serological examinations are important in diagnosis of FMD.
F.
In Europe vaccines must ø be used for prevention of FMD.
T.
In sheep CS of FMD are very mild, it is ø easy to recognize.
T.
VESV infects only Sus.
F.
Cats shed Fel Calicivirus for several wks.
T.
Lameness + fever are possible CS of Fel calicivirus infection.
T.
Rabbits >1mnth of age become susceptible to RHDV.
T.
Genetic re- assortements may cause significantn antigenic changes in erovirus strains.
T.
Bluetongue outbreaks mainly occur in summer + autumn.
T.
Goats are more resistant to the bluetongue than sheep.
T.
In Europe vaccination of small ru against bluetongue is mandatory.
F.
The AEqS is endemic in Europe + in the USA.
F.
Oedemas + hemorrhages are the most frequent leisons in AEqS.
T.
The signs of chronic AEqS + EqIA may be similar.
T.
The Eq encephalitis virus may cause abortion.
T.
Rotaviruses infect only mammals.
F.
Rotaviruses are typically transmitted via fecal- oral route.
T.
Trypsin resistant strains of Avian orthoreoviruses frequently cause diarrhea.
T.
Trypsin sensitive strains of avian orthoreoviruses frequently cause tenosynovitis.
T.
The IBuDV is very resistant in the enviroment.
T.
Infection of d- old chicken with IBuDV may cause permanent immunosuppression.
T.
Pathology lesions of IBuD can be similar to Avian Influenza.
T.
Young chicken can be immunized only with inactivated IBuDV vaccines.
F.
EEE is present in Japan + Korea.
F.
Mosquitoes are the principal vectors of the Western Eq encephalitis.
T.
ø characteristic gross pathology lesions are seen in Eq encephalitis caused by Togaviruses.
T.
Eastern, Western + Venezuelan Eq encephalitis viruses are zoonotic agents.
T.
Serological cross reactions frequently occur between related Flaviviruses.
T.
The Tick- borne encephalitis virus can be transmitted via consumption of raw milk.
T.
Louping ill is seen in rabbits in Australia.
F.
The WNV may cause encephalitis in humans + in Eq.
T.
Non- cytopathic strains of BoVDV can cause immunosuppression.
T.
In utero infection with non- cytopathic BoVDV can cause immunotolerance.
T.
Mucosal disease can delevop in cattle persistently infected with BoVD.
T.
The border disease is present only in UK.
F.
The CSFV is a zoonotic agent.
F.
Low virulence strains of CSFV may cause reproductive problems.
T.
CSFV may damage the lymphatic tissues + BV endothelial cells.
T.
Sus can shed CSFV in the incubation period.
T.
Skin suffusions + hemorrhages are signs of CSF.
T.
The CS of ASF + CSF are very different.
F.
Contaminated pork meat can play a role in the transmission of CSFV.
T.
Attenuated vaccines are developed for immunization of Sus against CSFV.
T.
The Schmallenberg virus is a zoonotic agent.
F.
The Rift Valley fever virus can cause reproductive disorders in cattle + sheep.
T.
Necrotic hepatitis is a lesion of Rift Valley fever.
T.
Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis is a lesion of Nairobi sheep disease.
T.
Ticks can transmit ASFV.
T.
Sus + wild boars are susceptible to ASFV.
T.
Warthogs can maintain ASFV in endemic areas.
T.
Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of ASF.
F.
SVDV can infect Sus + Ru.
F.
SVDV can cause infection /os.
T.
SVDV does ø cause viraemia, only local lesions can be seen.
F.
SVDV can infect humans.
F.
Duck hepatitis A virus is shed in faeces.
T.
Duck hepatitis A virus can cause germinative infection.
F.
CS of duck hepatitis can be mainly in laying ducks.
F.
Duck hepatitis A virus can be detected with PCR.
T.
For Europe Middle- East, Africa + Asia are the main danger to introduce FMD.
T.
In young animal FMDV frequently causes myocarditis.
T.
FMDV is highly contagious, spreads rapidly.
T.
In endemically infected countries vaccines are also used in prevention of FMD.
T.
O + A serotypes of FMD are mostly widespread in the world.
T.
In sheep CS of FMD are very mild.
T.
The resistance of FMDV is rather low, in the environment it is inactivated within days.
F.
About 1/2 of the countries of the world are presently infected with FMD.
T.
CS of VES can be similar to FMD.
T.
Oral erosions are signs of Fel calicivirus infection.
T.
Virulent strains of Fel calicivirus can cause systemic disease with mortality.
T.
RHD is present only in Australia.
F.
Reoviruses are sensitive to lipid solvents + detergents.
F.
The Bluetongue virus is vectored by midges/gnats.
T.
Lameness + abortions are signs of Bluetongue.
T.
The Epizootic hemorrhagic disease is present in USA in deer.
T.
The natural reservoirs of AEQSV are mainly zebras.
T.
Encephalitis is the most frequent sign of AEqS.
F.
Rotaviruses are shed in faeces in high titers.
T.
Rotaviruses usually cause enteritis in young ( 1- 2 wks old) animals.
T.
Orthoreoviruses can cause pneumoenteritis in calves.
T.
Eq usually develop lethal hemorrhagic enteritis in Orthoreovirus infections.
F.
Infection of adult birds with Orthoreoviruses usually remains subclinical.
T.
Avian orthoreoviruses can cause necrotic + inflammatory foci in visceral organs.
T.
Very virulent strains of IBuDV may cause disease in chicken with maternally derived Ab too.
T.
IBuDV does ø cause disease in adult chicken ( >2 mnths of age).
T.
Fever, diarrhea + anaemia are signs of IBuD.
T.
Vaccines provide high level of protection against all IBuDV strains.
F.
ASFV has a low resistance.
F.
ASFV can infect Sus + wild boars.
T.
The CS of ASF are more severe in wild boars than in farmed Sus.
F.
There is a widespread vaccination in endemic areas to prevent ASF.
F.
Talfan disease occurs in Europe, America + Australis.
T.
Sus + Ru are susceptible to the agent of Talfan disease.
F.
The agent of Talfan disease replicates in the gut.
T.
The agent of Talfan disease is shed lifelong after the infections.
F.
Germinative infection is the 1º way of infection with Duck hepatitis A virus.
F.
CS of Duck hepatitis are seen in 1- 4 wks old ducklings.
T.
Spasmodical paddling is a typical sign of Duck hepatitis.
T.
There are ø vaccines for the prevention of Duck hepatitis.
F.
Resistance of FMDV is low, in the environment, they are inactivated within days.
F.
FMDV can get into Europe most easily from Turkey, Middle east + N.Africa.
T.
FMDV can cause severe myocarditis in young calves + piglets.
T.
In infected countries inactivated vaccine are also used for prevention of FMD.
T.
Sus shed large amt of FMDV with their saliva during the acute phase of the disease.
T.
Cat queens frequently abort in the acute phase of Fel calicivirus infection.
F.
Some variants of Fel calicivirus may escape vaccine induced protection.
T.
RHDV usually causes death in 1- 3 wks old rabbits.
F.
There are ø vaccines available against RHD.
F.
Bluetongue is present only in tropical areas.
F.
Bluetongue virus is typically vectored by ticks.
F.
Endothelial damages are the most important causes of CS of Bluetongue.
T.
Sheep are less sensitive to Bluetongue than Sus.
F.
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease was described only in Australia so far.
F.
Occasionally Car may get infected with AEqSV.
T.
Zebras are more resistant to AEqS than Eq
T.
Immunized Eq may develop a chronic, febrile form of AEqS.
T.
Tenosynovitis is one of the most typical manifestations of Avian Orthoreovirus infections.
T.
Avian orthoreoviruses may cause necrotic foci in the visceral organs of birds.
T.
The IBuDV is very sensitive to detergents.
F.
IBuDV serotype 2 is used for immunization of chicken against IBuD.
F.
Clinical manifestations of IBuD are seen mainly in chicken between the age of 3 and 6 wks.
T.
Moderately attenuated ( “ hot”) IBuDV vaccines are used for the immunization of young chicken without yolk immunity.
F.
All known strains of CSFV are of highly virulence.
F.
CSFV may cause reproductive disorders.
T.
Hemorrhages are the most typical lesion of acute CSF.
T.
Avian orthoreoviruses usually cause disease in adult birds.
F.
CSF may appear in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic Sus.
T.
CSFV may survive in frozen meat for mnths.
T.
Shedding of CSFV begins 1- 2 days after the appearance of CS.
F.
CSFV can cause central nervous signs only in suckling piglets.
F.
Erysipelas + Porcine circovirus 2 infections may cause CS + pathology lesions similar to CSF.
T.
Abortions + fetal malformations are the most typocal signs of Akabane disease.
T.
The acute signs of Schmallenberg virus infection in cattle are fever + reduced milk production.
T.
Certain European mosquito sp are competent vectors of Rift Valley fever virus.
T.
Rift Valley fever may cause high lethality in young Ru.
T.
In Europe the ticks are the most important means in the transmission of ASFV.
F.
In case of ASF infection viraemia can last for mnths.
T.
Infection by moderately virulent ASFV results in high mortality of sows.
T.
In acute ASF the leading pathological lesion is haemorrhage.
T.
FMDV can be transferred by frozen meat.
T.
FMDV cannot be isolated in cell culture.
F.
FMDV is genetically + serologically uniform.
F.
The main reservoirs of FMDV are cattle + buffalo.
T.
FMDV is carried in the tonsils, lymphatic tissues + hoof of the infected animal.
T.
FMD erosions are characteristic with tattered edge + red base.
T.
FMD infection in young naimals leads to myocarditis.
T.
Vaccination against FMD can prevent the infection.
F.
VES is more contagious than FMD.
F.
VES can be easily differentiated from FMD by the character of the vesicles.
F.
Virulent systemic Fel calicivirus causes more severe symptoms in kittens.
F.
FCV infection results in a 2- phase fever.
T.
The hemorrhage in RHD is the result of virus multiplication in the liver.
T.
In RHD pathology we can see hemorrhages + infarcts in the kidney.
T.
Noroviruses may be zoonotic.
T.
The avian hepatitis E is zoonotic.
F.
The IBuV has more than 1 virulence variants.
T.
The IBuV causes anaemia.
T.
The IBuV can be isolated on CAM.
T.
There is ø vaccine available against IBuV.
F.
Teschen + Talfan disease are caused by different virulence variants of the same virus.
T.
Porcine Teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus is shed in the faeces.
T.
Asymptomatic Sus can shed the porcine teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus.
T.
Porcine teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus replicates in the gut.
T.
SVDV ø survive in the environment.
F.
SVDV causes viraemia.
T.
SVDV can cause vesicles on the snout.
T.
The mortality of SVD is generally >50%.
F.
Encephalomyocarditis virus has anrrow host range.
F.
Rodents can maintain encephalomyocarditis infection.
T.
Encephalomyocarditis virus can cause necrosis of the heart m.
T.
Encephalomyocarditis is a zoonosis.
T.
Trypsin sensitive orthoreoviruses can cause respiratory disease.
T.
Sus rotavirus infection is frequently followed by E.coli 2º infection in piglets.
T.
Avian rotaviruses can cause tenosynovitis.
F.
Avian orthoreoviruses can cause germinative ( ovogen) infection.
T.
Rotaviral enteritis of calves can be prevented by immunization of pregnant cows.
T.
Rotaviruses can cause chronic enteritis + persistent infection.
F.
Blutongue causes transient infection in cattle.
F.
Bluetongue vaccines induce serotypes- specific immunity.
T.
AEqS was transproted to Europe by migratory birds.
F.
AEqS can cause encephaltiis.
F.
AEqS is a notifiable ( communicable ) disease in Europe.
T.
AEqS can cause lung oedeman.
T.
Orthoreoviruses can cause encephalitis in cattle.
F.
Avian orthoreoviruses can cause inapparent infections in poultry.
T.
Avian orthoreoviruses can cause poultry enteritis- mortality syndrome ( PEMS).
T.
Infectious tenosynovitis can be prevented by vacciantion.
T.
Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of Eq occurs frequently worldwide.
F.
The host range of Eq encephalomyelitis is wide.
T.
American Eq encephalomyelitis most frequently cause CS is birds, Eq + humans.
T.
Humans are ø susceptible to Eq encephalomyelitis togaviruses.
F.
Tick- borne encephalomyelitis mainly occurs clinically in humans.
T.
Tick- borne encephalomyelitis occurs throughout Europe + Asia.
T.
Tick- borne encephalomyelitis exists as natural foci infections.
T.
Ru are long term carriers of tick- borne encephalomyelitis virus.
F.
WN fever practically is restricted to africa.
F.
The most important maintaining hosts of WNFV are H2O birds.
T.
CS of WN fever are most frequently seen in birds, Eq ++ humans.
T.
Neurological signs develop only in a small % of the diseased animals.
T.
BoVD clinically is mostly seen in cattle from 6- 24 mnths of age.
T.
BoVDV can cause severe damage to fetuses in pregnant cows.
T.
Only cattle is susceptible to BoVDV.
F.
Border disease appears as fetal damage in pregnant ewes.
T.
CSFV is shed with faeces, when boutons appear in the intestines.
F.
CSFV can cause nervous symptoms only in suckling piglets.
F.
CSFV can cause immunosuppression in Sus.
T.
CSF can be eradicated from wild boar populations by oral vaccination.
F.
CSFV is rarely complicated by 2º infections.
F.
CSF can be disgnosed easily by the characteristic symptoms + lesions.
F.
Domestic Sus stocks are free of classical Sus fever in most of the European countries.
T.
CSF usually appears in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic Sus.
T.
Akabane disease is zoonotic.
F.
Schmallenberg disease is zoonotic.
F.
Rift Valley fever is zoonotic.
T.
Nairobi sheep disease is zoonotic.
T.
Despite being enveloped, the resistance ofASFV in the environment is high.
T.
The moderately virulent ASFV does ø cause fever.
F.
In case of infection by highly virulent ASFV we can see skin necrosis as CS.
F.
In chronic cases of ASF spleen hyperplasia is a leading pathological lesion.
T.
FMDV retains it’s infectivity >1 mnth in manure.
T.
Genotype C of FMDV is the most frequent detected worlwide.
F.
Sus shed about 1000- 3000 % higher FMDV conc comparing to Ru.
T.
Hedgehogs are susceptible to FMD.
T.
Shedding of FMDV starts 3 d after the infection.
F.
FMDV is shed by semen too.
T.
Vaccinated animals can carry FMDV.
T.
Comparing to cattle, Sus show milder vesicular symptoms.
T.
VES is sea- mammal O.
T.
We can differentiate VES from FMD by the lack of lameness.
F.
Infected cats carry Fel calicivirus at least for a mnth.
T.
Fel calicivirus may be shed by urine + faeces.
T.
Vaccine against RHD is produced in rabbits.
T.
RHD causes airborne infection.
T.
Sapoviruses cause GI infections in humans.
T.
Hepatitis E virus causes characteristic clinical symptoms in sus.
F.
The resistance of IBuV is very high.
T.
IBuV spreads by mosquitoes.
F.
IBuDV causes immunosuppression in chicken between 2- 8 wks of age.
T.
By disinfection of the eggshell we can prevent IBu DV infection.
T.
Porcine teschovirus encephalomyelitis is mainly caused by serotype 1 strains.
T.
Porcine teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus is maintained by rodents.
F.
Porcine teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus can infect Sus + cattle.
F.
Porcine teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus cannot survive in the environment.
F.
Avian encephalomyelitis is caused by a double stranded DNA virus.
F.
Chickens are susceptible to Avian encephalomyelitis virus.
T.
Germinative infection is a way of spreading of avian encephalomyelitis virus.
T.
Tremor is a common CS of avian encephalomyelitis.
T.
/os infection is a common way of infection with duck hepatitis ! virus.
T.
CS of duck hepatitis can be seen in all age groups.
F.
Orbivirus spread by droplet ( aerogen) infection.
F.
Bluetongue disease occurs only in Africa.
F.
Bluetongue is named after the cyanosis of the tongue.
T.
Bluetongue is named after the pseudo- melanosis of the tongue.
F.
Bluetongue infects also Eq + dogs.
F.
Bluetongue is also fetopathic.
T.
Ibaraki disease virus immunizes against bluetongue.
F.
Eq encephalosis appeared several times in Europe between 2006 + 2009.
F.
AEqS is spread by ticks.
F.
AEqS is zoonotic.
F.
AEqS is prevented in Africa by combined vaccines.
T.
Eq encephalosis is endemic in Africa.
T.
The subacute form of African bare sickness is causing oedema formation + HF.
T.
Rotaviruses cause mainly respiratory signs in cattle.
F.
Orthoreoviruses can cause pneumoenteritis in cattle.
T.
Avian orthoreo- + rotaviruses can cause stunting syndrome in chickens.
T.
American Eq encephalomyelitis viruses represent several types + subtypes.
T.
Vectors of American Eq encephalomyelitis Togaviruses are mosquitoes.
T.
Main means of control of American Eq encephalomyelitis are mosquito control + vaccine.
T.
Vaccines cannot be used to prevent Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of Eq.
F.
Tick- borne encephalomyelitis most frequently is seen clinically in Ru.
F.
Occasionally tick- borne encephalomyelitis virus can be transmitted to humans via consuming raw milk.
T.
Tick- borne encephalomyelitis occurs seasonally.
T.
For humans inactivated tick- borne encephalomyelitis virus vaccines are also available.
T.
WN fever occurs worldwide.
T.
Vectors of WNFV are different mosquito sp.
T.
The host range of WNV is very wide.
T.
Humans are ø susceptible to WNDV.
F.
BoVDV exists in several serotypes.
F.
BoVD infection of pregannt cows can result in delivery of immunotolerant persistently infected calves.
T.
Bulls can shed BVDV for long time in semen, without showing any CS.
T.
Both attenuated live + inactivated vaccines are used in eradication of BoVD.
T.
Acute CSF can cause hemorrhagic pneumonia.
T.
CSFV doesn’t induce neutralizing Ab production.
F.
CSFV is inactivated in chilled meat at -20ºC.
F.
CSFV can cause immunotolerance in Sus.
T.
CSFV is immunosuppressive.
T.
Only DIVA vaccines should be used to prevent CSF in Sus stocks.
F.
CSFV causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in Sus.
T.
CSFV causes lympho- histiocytic encephalitis in Car.
F.
Rift Valley fever causes human epidemics in Africa.
T.
Ticks are reservoirs + vectors of the Schmallenberg virus.
F.
Schmallenberg virus was transported to Europe + souuth america.
F.
Nairobi sheep disease can cause hemorrhagic enteritis among sheep
T.
