Midterm 1 Flashcards
Direct infection happens when infected animals pass the infection with H2O.
F.
Germinative infection is common in mammals, it will result in malformation of fetuses.
F.
In case of 2º infection the agent complicates a 1º infection.
T.
Vertical infection does ø occur in mammals.
F.
Horizontal infection does ø occur in mammals.
F.
Germinative infection does ø occur in mammals.
T.
Galactogen infection does ø occur in mammals.
F.
Sp. specific resistance can be overcome by increasing the number of agents.
T.
Susceptibility of hosts is influenced by age.
T.
In case of 2º infection, a new pathogen infects an already cured animal.
F.
In case of 2º infection, 2 pathogens infect the host simultaneously.
F.
In case of 2º infection, 1 of the agents is always a virus.
F.
Germinative infection only occur in poultry.
F.
In germinative infection, the placenta is infected by the mother during pregnancy.
F.
Germinative infection is a rare form of horizontal infection.
F.
In germinative infection, the newborn is infected through the milk.
F.
In case of 2º infection, a bacterium infects an individual which is already infected with a pathogen.
T.
Facultative pathogens cause disease in case predisposing factors are present.
T.
Virulence is a stable characteristic in bacteria.
F.
Virulence of an agent can be characterized with LD50 value.
T.
The virulent factors help the agents in causing disease.
T.
Virulence of a bacterium/ virus can change.
T.
Sp. related resistance means that certain agents cannot cause infection in resistant host sp.
T.
Virulence variants can occur within a bacterium/virus sp.
T.
Pathogenic variants can occur within a bacterium/ virus sp.
T.
Stenoxen agents have a wide host range.
F.
Aerogen is a form of direct infection.
T.
Infection cannot happen through H2O due to deactivation.
F.
Lethality shows the ratio of dead animals + the total stock.
F.
Morbidity shows the proportion of diseased animals in a population.
T.
In case of an acute disease the incubation time is long.
F.
The clinical signs are more typical in the case of an acute than a chronic disease.
T.
In the case of inapparent infection only mild signs can be seen.
F.
In case of subclinical infection the animals can shed the agent.
T.
In case of tolerated infection the animals shed the agent.
T.
During a tolerated infection the animals are sero+ve.
F.
In case of inapparent infections ø clinical signs can be seen.
T.
Latent infection is common in the case of Gr+ve bacteria.
F.
There are only mild clinical signs in a latent infection.
F.
In case of abortive infections, abortion is an important clinical sign.
F.
In case of inapparent infection, sero+ve can be seen.
T.
Inapparent infections cannot be detected in lab examinations.
F.
In case of abortive infection, the animal always aborts.
F.
In latent infection, there is ø virus shedding.
T.
Tolerated infection can be demonstrated only by serology.
F.
Abortive infection can be demonstrated only by serology.
T.
Cyclozoonoses require an arthropod for transmission.
T.
In the case of a local infection the site of entry + lesions are at the same place.
T.
Tolerated infection can be diagnosed by detecting Ab.
F.
Incubation time is the time from showing CS to death.
F.
Endemic diseases occurs in a limited population.
T
Pathogenicity means the ability of the agent to cause disease.
T.
Virulence means the level of pathogenicity.
T.
In the case of optimal way of infection the least amt of agent can cause disease.
T.
In case of viral diseases ø Ab are given.
F.
Only diseased animals have to be treated with Ab to prevent resistance.
F.
Ab may be used only until the disappearance of clinicial signs.
F.
Using hyperimmune sera is usually ø justifiable.
T?
Aetiological treatment with Ab is done in case of bacterial diseases.
T.
There is ø antiviral therapy.
F.
Hyperimmune serum can be used for aetiological treatment.
T.
Antibacterial treatment is used in order to prevent 2º bacterial infections.
T.
1/2 of the Igs comes from the colostrum in calves.
F?
Immunocomplex cells are ø received via colostrum in calves.
F.
Intrauterine infection cause immuno tolerance.
T.
1 d old animals have ø immune response.
F.
Chicken embryos are able to produce an immune response.
T.
From 2nd trimester of pregnancy, the foetus produces an immune response against any Ag.
F.
There is ø immune response in foetus, only from 4 wk after birth.
F.
Colostrum of 10% of BW has to be provided for calves on the 1st d.
T.
Absorption of colostrum is finished 27hrs after birth in calves.
F?
Colostrum is ø important in protection of calves since the Ab can go through the placenta.
F.
Mycotoxins can be immunosuppressive.
T.
Marker vaccines, vaccinated + infected animals can be differentiated.
T.
Use of marker vaccines can be combined with “ test + remove” eradication.
T.
Marker vaccines are marked with dyes.
F.
Following DIVA, vaccinated + infected animals can be differentiated.
T.
Presence of maternal Ab can inhibit the efficacy of vaccinations.
T.
Subunit vaccine contains Ag of the agent only.
T.
Test + remove method of eradication cannot be combined with vaccination.
F?
Live vaccines are ø used nowadays because they are dangerous.
F.
’ All in/ all out’ is a general rules of prevention of infectious disease.
T.
The immune response produced by an attenuated vaccine is low.
F.
Some attenuated vaccine strains can be immunosuppressive.
T.
Attenuated vaccines induced a quick immune response.
T.
Generation shift is a method of eradication of a disease.
T.
In eradication by selective breeding, the sero+ve animals are eliminated.
T.
In eradication by selective breeding, only the animals shedding the bacteria are eliminated.
F.
In eradication by selective breeding, vaccination cannot be used.
T.
Eradication by selective breeding is ø used anymore.
F.
Selection is ø used to eradicate a disease anymore.
F.
In test + remove methods sero+ve animals are removed.
T?
In test + remove animals shedding the agent are removed.
F?
Intrauterine infection can occur in pregnant animals.
T.
Live vaccines always contain avirulent agents.
F.
Live vaccines can contain strains with lower virulence.
T.
In generation shift, the newborn is separated from the dam amd kept isolated.
T.
Feather + beak deformities may appear after circovirus infection of geese + pigeons.
T.
Beak + feather disease lesions are sometimes obvious only after molting. ( circovirus)
T.
The parrot sp. in the circovirus infections symptoms often occur after molting.
T.
Pigeon circovirus infections do ø occur in Hungary, the disease is prevented by vaccination.
F.
Circoviruses can infect pigeons.
T.
Vaccines are available for Pigeon Circovirus.
F.
Clinical signs of PBFDV ( Psittacine Beak + Feather Disease Virus) are only seen at time of moulting.
F.
Pigeon circoviruses are antigenically uniform.
F?
Pigeon circovirus frequently appear in diseases together with viruses + bacteria.
T.
Inactivated vaccines are used against pigeon circovirus infections.
F.
Circovirus infection can result in high mortality of chickens >3 wk of age.
F.
Infectious chicken anaemia is seeing clinically only in young chickens.
T?
Infectious chicken anaemia is a parvovirus infection which courses clinical signs in all age grps.
F.
ø vaccination is needed for infectious chicken anaemia as the clinical signs are mild.
F.
Atrophy of the thymus is a PM finding of chicken circovirus.
T.
Circovirus replicates in Bursa of Fabricius + thymus.
T.
Vaccination can protect hens + chickens against the chicken anaemia.
T.
Avian Circovirus infections cause high morbidity + low mortality.
T
CIA- virus is a gyrovirus.
T.
In CIA, most symptoms are observed in 1st mnth.
T.
CIA infection involves destruction of lymphoid + myeloid cells.
T.
CIA virus induces apoptosis of activated T cells.
T.
Pigeons can be infected by CIAV.
F.
CIA virus does ø replicate in thymus.
F.
CIA virus spread horizontally + vertically.
T.
CIA in day old chickens causes a long lasting immunosuppression.
T.
The circovirus has circular RNA in it’s genome.
F.
Infection of day old chickens with chicken anaemia virus leads to immune suppression.
T.
Chicken anaemia virus infection can cause death of chickens <3wk of age.
T.
Virus started with contaminated Marek’s vaccines.
T?
PCV2 infections are sporadic.
F.
Porcine circovirus 1 may cause embryonic disease.
F.
Porcine circovirus 1 is ø pathogenic.
T.
The presence of PCV2 in Sus decreases the efficiency of vaccines.
T.
Sus circovirus infection is the frequent infection with clinical signs after weaning.
T.
Porcine circoviruses can ø be responsible for reproductive disorders.
F.
Porcine circoviruses cause various diseases.
T.
Porcine circovirus can multiply in the myocardium of foetus.
T.
Reproductive disorders caused by porcine circoviruses are only significant in N. America,
F.
Circovirus cause skin lesions in Sus.
T.
Rare infection causing clinical signs only in piglets before weaning. ( Porcine circovirus)
F.
Prevention is with live attenuated vaccines. ( Porcine circovirus)
F.
General preventative rules + recently inactivated/ vector vaccination can be used. ( Porcine circovirus)
T.
Porcine circoviruses are genetically + antigenically uniform.
F.
Porcine circoviruses are present worldwide.
T.
Porcine circoviruses may cause inapparent/ subclinical infections.
T.
Porcine circovirus vaccines are available both for sows + for piglets.
T.
Porcine circovirus can be transmitted by mice +rats.
T.
We can detect PMWS virus from macrophages.
T.
PMWS virus replicates in heart m. + gall bladder.
F.
PMWS causes atrophy of ln.
F.
PMWS is caused by a circovirus.
T.
Typical pathological findings PMWS is enlarged mesenteric ln.
T.
PMWS appear after weaning.
T.
PMWS appears as chronic disease of nervous system.
F.
PDNS is a frequent infection with clinical signs after weaning.
T.
Vaccinations against PCV2 may increase the incidence of PDNS.
F?
PDNS is only caused by PCV-2.
F.
PDNS disease is an immunocomplex disease.
T.
PDNS has been widespread in Hungary since 1998.
T.
PDNS occurs 1ºly in the wks following the selection/ weaning.
T.
PDNS is caused by circoviruses.
F.
PRDC is caused by a porcine circovirus.
T.
Circovirus can be responsible for the porcine respiratory disease complex.
T.
Porcine parvovirus 1 is transmitted through the faecal- oral route.
T.
Parvovirus vaccine usually induce protection up to 6 mnths.
F.
Porcine parvovirus multiplies in lymphoid tissue of the throat.
T.
The Hoko Sus virus does ø occur in Hungary.
F.
Colostral immunity against Sus parvovirus lasts for mnths.
F.
Porcine parvovirus infection causes reproduction problems in Sus herds.
T.
Sus parvovirus is rare, mainly in backyard herds.
F.
Sus parvovirus is frequent, causing foetal damage only.
F.
Sus parvovirus cause foetal damage + resp signs in 1st pregnant gilts.
F.
Sus herds infected with parvovirus should be excluded from further breeding.
F.
They should be sent for slaughter. ( Sus Parvovirus)
F.
Postpone 1st mating + vaccinate them. ( PPV)
T.
ø vaccination is needed as clinical signs are mild. ( PPV)
F.
Spreads both horizontally + germinatively. (PPV)
F.
Prevention of PPV.
- General preventive rules + vaccination are used.
T.
Neurological disorders are frequent in porcine parvovirus infections.
F.
The 1º site of porcine parvovirus ( PPV-1) replication is in the small intestines.
T.
Porcine parvovirus ( PPV-1) infection of sero-ve pregnant animals can damage the foetus.
T.
Porcine parvoviruses are genetically uniform.
F.
PPV-1 induces diarrhea in suckling piglets.
F.
Porcine SMEDI( 1st pregnant gilts) can only be induced by parvoviruses.
F.
Porcine Hokoviruses are only present in China.
F.
Porcine parvovirus ( PPV-1) vaccinations start at/ after 6 mnths of age.
T.
Piglets of sows seroconverted by PPV-1 are maternally protected for 6 mnths.
T.
PPV-1 is endemic in most Sus herds.
T.
New variants of PPV1 may breakthrough the immune protection.
T.
Canine parvovirus 2 known serotypes.
T.
Parvovirus in dogs 8 wks of age cause high mortality.
T.
The canine parvovirus Ag is structurally uniform.
T?
Canine parvovirus spreads rapidly, causing enteritis + fetal damage in all age gps.
F.
Canine parvovirus affects mainly young animals with bloody enteritis.
T.
Canine parvovirus can cause heart m. degeneration + fetal damage.
T.
Clinical signs in canine parvoviral enteritis are mostly very mild + remain unoticed.
F.
In susceptible young dogs, parvovirus infection ( CPV-2) cause high mortality.
T.
Older dogs are usually sero+ve to CPV-2.
T.
Subtypes of canine parvovirus ( CPV-2) can cause panleukopenia in cats.
T.
Maternal Ab usually protects for 2- 3 wks against canine parvovirus disease.
F.
Older dogs are usually sero+ve for canine parvovirus.
T.
Canine parvoviral disease is similar to that causes by pantropic coronavirus.
T.
Canine parvoviruses form a single antigenic grp.
F.
Canine parvoviruses do ø infect cats.
F.
Canine parvoviruses can replicate in the myocardium of young pups.
T.
Canine parvovirus attacks lymphoid cells.
T.
Canine parvovirus infection of susceptible dogs results high mortality.
T.
Canine parvovirus is shed with the faeces.
T.
Leukopenia is characteristic for successful CPV-2 infections.
T.
Maternal immunity against fel panleucopenia usually lasts for >6 mnths.
F.
Cat panleukopenia myocarditis in young animals.
T.
Hungary, panleukopenia ø occur.
F.
A fel panleukopenia virus mainly in faeces.
T.
A fel panleukopenia general infection, fever symptoms.
T.
Fel panleukopenia occurs worldwide.
T.
Fel panleukopenia can also be caused by a canine parvovirus.
T.
Fel panleukopenia virus infection in dogs can cause acute diarrhoea.
F.
Fel panleukopenia viruses may infect dogs.
F.
Europe is free of fel panleukopenia.
F.
Fel panleukopenia infection can cause fever.
T.
Hyperimmune serum can be used for the treatment of fel panleukopenia.
T.
Vaccinations against fel panleukopenia usually start at/ after 2 mnths of age.
T.
Aleutian mink disease is characterised by type III hypersensitivity.
T.
Aleutian mink disease virus is responsible for 10% of Fel panleucopenia cases.
F.
The mink Aleutian disease in mink + -enteritis is caused by the same virus.
F.
The mink Aleutian disease does ø occur in our country.
F.
VN test can be used to detect the Aleutian disease.
F.
The agent of Aleutian disease causes enteritis in older minks.
F.
Vaccination against Aleutian Disease is achieved with inactivated vaccines.
F.
It is possible to vaccinate against Aleutian mink disease.
F.
Mink parvoviral enteritis is characterised by fever + high mortality.
T.
Live vaccines are used against Aleutian mink disease.
F.
Ferrets can also be infected by aleutian mink disease.
T.
Aleutian mink disease is usually acute.
F.
Aleutian mink disease can result in interstitial pneumonia in young animals.
T.
Aleutian mink disease is characterized by a type-1 hypersensitivity.
F.
Clinical symptoms of the disease Derzsy typically occurs within 3 wks of age.
T.
The Derzsy disease pathogen only infects geese.
F.
The Derzsy disease infects Elderly + young geese.
F.
The Derzsy disease virus passes into the egg.
T.
Derzsy’s disease ( goose parvovirus) spreads horizontally + via eggs.
T.
In Derzsy’s disease, 1º replication occurs in gut.
T.
Derszy’s disease can cause disease in both old and youngs.
F.
Symptoms of Derszy’s + hydropericardium- hepatitis syndrome are similar in geese.
F.
ø vaccination needed as clinical signs are mild. ( Derszy’s)
F.
Spreading via eggs do ø occur. ( Derszy’s)
F.
Derszy’s is rare ø causing clinical signs in all age grps.
F.
Clinical signs seen only in young geese up to 4-6 wks of age. ( Derszy’s)
T.
For the prevention of Derszy’s, general preventative rules are used.
T.
Vaccination is also necessary. ( Derszy’s)
T.
Infected geese flocks should be ruled out of further breeding. ( Derszy’s)
T.
Derzsy’s disease virus can cross into the egg.
T.
Derzsy’s disease may occur in both geese + Muscovy ducks.
T.
Derzsy’s disease virus causes enteritis in growing geese.
T.
Typical clinical signs of Dezsy’s disease are seen as a result of infection <5 wks of age.
T.
Infection >5 wks of age results in severe clinical signs of the Derzsy’s disease.
F.
Papilloma infections of the skin usually have a cauliflower appearance.
T.
Goose haemorrhagic enteritis + nephritis is frequent in ducks.
F.
Goose haemorrhagic enteritis + nephritis does ø occur in Hungary.
F.
The goose haemorrhagic kidney + intestine inflammation occurs worldwide but ø en masse.
T.
HNEG ( haemorrhagic nephritis + enteritis of geese) is common in France.
T.
(HNEGoose) Started in Hungary + spread with Derzsy’s disease hyperimmune serum.
T?
High mortality 2- 10 weeks. ( Haemorrhagic nephritis + enteritis of geese)
T.
Muscovy ducks are also susceptible but remain symptomless for yrs with high titers.( Haemorrhagic nephritis + enteritis of geese)
T.
Haemorrhagic enteritis + nephritis of geese virus replicates in the BV endothelium.
T.
Haemorrhagic enteritis + nephritis of geese is only prevalent in France.
F.
Haemorrhagic nephritis + enteritis of geese is caused by a herpesvirus.
F.
Haemorrhagic nephritis + enteritis is present worldwide.
T
Haemorrhaic nephritis + enteritis of geese may spread both horizontally + vertically.
T.
Goose haemorrhagic enteritis + nephritis causes death of goslings.
T.
Infertility + abortion are the most specific signs of Bo adenovirus infection.
F.
Bo adenovirus 10 can cause haemorrhagic enteritis in cattle.
T.
Insufficient colostrum uptake increases the severity of adenovirus- induced diseases in calves.
T.
Adenoviral infection can cause haemorrhagic, necrotizing colitis in suckling lambs.
T.
Canine adenovirus serotype 2 causes CNS disease in pups.
F.
Rubarth disease occurs in birds.
F.
Canine adenovirus 2 infects the upper respiratory tract.
T.
The Rubarth disease in dogs is ø associated with neurological cond.
F.
In the case of acute disease Rubarth disease cause death within 1-2 d.
F.
Dogs carry canine adenovirus serotype 1 usually in spleen.
F.
Both CAdV-2 + CAdV-1 serotypes can be used in vaccinate against Rubarth’s disease.
T.
Canine adenovirus infection is sporadic in Hungary.
T?
Causative agent of Rubarth’s disease is CAdV-2.
F.
Canine infectious hepatitis is caused by several adenovirus serotypes.
F.
It is characterized by hepatitis + abortion. ( Canine infectious hepatitis)
F.
Hepatitis + encephalitis are the main clinical signs. ( Canine infectious hepatitis)
T.
Vaccines usually contain CAdV-2 strain in live form.
T.
Dogs with Rubarth’s disease have a long term carrier status.
T.
CAdV-1 causes encephalitis in certain Car hosts.
T.
Dogs carry serotype 1 mostly in spleen. ( Canine infectious hepatitis)
F.
Rubarth’s disease is a disease of older cats.
F.
Rubarth’s disease is caused by CAdV-1.
T.
ø long term carrier stage is seen in canine adenovirus serotype 1 infection.
F.
Infectious canine hepatitis is usually seen in elderly dogs.
F.
There is serological cross protection between Canine adenovirus type 1 + 2.
T.
Canine adenovirus 1 infects only dogs.
F.
Dogs may develop transient bilat corneal opacity after canine adenovirus infection.
T.
The virus that causes chicken- splenomegaly + pheasants marble spleen illness also causes haemorrhagic enteritis in turkeys.
T.
During the turkeys haemorrhagic enteritis 4 weeks of age is the most serious.
T.
EDS only occurs in hens.
F.
The egg drop syndrome fever, general symptoms.
F.
Egg drop syndrome is a disease of chickens of all age grps.
F.
It is characteristic with mild diarrhoea + rough, hard eggshell. (EDS)
F.
Eggdrop syndrome infects duck + geese as well
T.
Eggdrop syndrome usually appears at the beginning of laying season.
F.
Mild diarrhea + thin shelled eggs are seen. (EDS)
T.
Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of egg drop syndrome.
T.
Egg drop syndrome is caused by an aviadenovirus.
F.
Egg drop syndrome virus can spread germinatively.
T.
Egg drop syndrome occurs in Hungary.
T.
Avian adenovirus spread both vertically + horizontally.
T.
Chicken adenoviruses are sp.-specific.
F.
Chicken adenovirus can cause embryonic death, bronchitis + inclusion body hepatitis.
T.
Chicken adenoviruses mainly cause encephalitis in young chicken.
F.
Their pathogenicity is very low, do ø cause disease. ( Chicken Adenoviruses)
F.
Adenovirus may cause hydropericardium syndrome in chicken + geese.
T.
The turkey hemorrhagic enteritis + marble spleen disease are caused by the same virus.
T.
The egg drop syndrome virus damages the oviduct of day old chicken.
T?
In young geese, respiratory disease may be caused by the EDS virus.
T.
Aviadenovirus infection of geese may cause lesions similar to Derzsy’s disease.
T.
Herpesvirus infections frequently result in latent virus carry and life- long virus carrier status.
T.
Herpesvirus are typically stenoxenic viruses, but there are significant exceptions.
T.
Herpesviruses are strong Ag: therefore single vaccinations provide life long protection.
F.
IBoR spreads slowly within a herd.
T.
IBoR causes animals older than 6 mnths upper respiratory symptoms.
T.
IBoR may cause diarrhea.
T.
IBoR older than 6 mnths young calves fever.
F.
IBoR is caused by BHV-2.
F.
IBoR does ø occur in Europe.
F.
Is there IBoR in Hungary?
T.
IBoR virus courses + arthritis in calves usually in age 1- 6 mnths.
F.
IBoR is rapidly spread within the herd.
F.
IBoR is ø longer present in Hungary.
F.
The respiratory form of IBoR is often followed by genital symptoms.
F.
We can see characteristic clinical signs of IBoR in day old calves.
F.
IBoR mainly cause encephalitis in cattles older than 6 mnths.
F.
IBoR mainly causes pneumonia in 1-6 mnths old calves.
T.
IBoR is rare, BHV-1 only affects cattle.
F.
IBoR is a frequent infection, cattle + it’s closest relatives are affected.
T.
IBoR can occur in several clinical forms.
T.
Infectious Bo vulvovaginitis virus strains cause abortions + foetal deformities.
F.
Genital form of IBoR is often followed by abortion.
F.
In the transmission IBoRV, the most important route is the germinative route.
F.
IBoRV has a wide range of serotypes including many variant strains.
T?
IBoR virus causes nephritis in calves, usually up to 1-6 mnths.
F.
Sero+ve cattle cannot be carriers of the infectious rhinotracheitis virus.
F.
Infectious Bo rhinotracheitis virus may spread via semen.
T.
IBoR cause serous nasal discharge.
T.
IBoR in 6 mnth old calves usually causes pneumonia.
T.
IBoR often cause genital lesions with vesicles.
T.
IBoR may cause inflammation of conjunctiva.
T.
