MSM Flashcards
OUTLINE THE MSM
input: sight, sound, touch sensory register --> decay - attention STM --> decay / displacement - rehearsal LTM --> retreval failure / interference
coding capacity + duration of sensory register
multimodal
large
250 ms
coding capacity + duration of STM
acoustic
+ - 7 digits
12-18s
coding capacity + duration of LTM
semantic
unlimited
life
3 key assumptions on MSM
linear system
2 essential processes
unitary stores
3 sensory registers
iconic, haptic + echoic
what is the iconic register
fast decaying store of visual info
O+E a study related to the iconic register
SPERLING: used a partial report paradigm and presented pts w/ a 4x3 matrix of letters for 0.05s
when asked to recall all of the grid, on avrg pts recalled 4-5 letters but reported seeing more
when asked to recall one of the rows, on avrg pts recalled 3 letters
TS pts are processing whole matrix which they can recall for a brief period of time before it decays
O+E a study related to the CAPCITY + DURATION of the sensory register
SPERLING: used a partial report paradigm and presented pts w/ a 4x3 matrix of letters for 0.05s
when asked to recall all of the grid, on avrg pts recalled 4-5 letters but reported seeing more
when asked to recall one of the rows, on avrg pts recalled 3 letters
SHOWS SENSORY REGISTER HAS A LIMITED CAPACITY + V BRIEF DURATION AS PTS COULD NOT RECALL 100% OF GRID. BY THE TIME THEY ARE REPORTING THE IMAGE HAS DECAYED
O+E a study related to the capacity of STM
JACOBS: used digit span technique + had pts read a list of words/numbers and asked to recall immediately after presentation. jacobs gradually increased the length of digits until pts could only accurately recall 50% of info in serial order. on average pts recalled 9 numbers or 7 letters
JACOBS eval
+ prac apps: development of postcodes
- easier to recall numbers than letters? (9 numbers vs 26 letters) –> cultural bias to areas w/ visual characters like Japanese / Chinese where there are 100’s of characters
O+E a study related to the duration of STM
PETERSON + PETERSON:
conducted a lab experiment (repeated measures design) using the Peterson-Brown technique, resented pts w/ consonant trigrams and after varying intervals asked pts to recall the trigram. during the interval, pts performed an interference task to prevent rehearsal.
found rapid increase in forgetting as time delay increases
average duration 12-18s max was 30s .:. TS STM is limited in duration + REHEARSAL IS A KEY ASPECT OF THE ACQUISITION OF MEMORY PROCESS
Peterson + Peterson eval
- order effects - what is previously recalled may interfere w the next trigram
- lack of eco validity - remembering a trigram is not an everyday task - .:. can apply to wider population
+ lab exp. - high control of EV’s .:. replicable + reliable
O+E a study related to the coding of STM
CONDRAD
presented pts w/ 2 lists + asked them to recall in serial order
list 1: letters that sound similar –> BCVGT
list 2: letters that don’t sound similar –> LFXJM
found acoustically similar words were harder to remember .:. TS STM is encoded acoustically
O+E a study related to the capacity+ duration of LTM
BAHRICK et al
Opportunity sample of 392 US ex-high school students aged 17-74. Time since leaving high school was up to 48 years. Pts tested in 4 ways
1. Free recall of names of as many ex classmates as possible
2. Photo recognition test, pts asked to identify former classmates from 50 pics
3. A name recognition test
4. A name and photo matching test
FINDINGS: pts tested within 15 years of graduation were about 90% accurate in identifying names + faces. After 48 years they were accurate 80% for verbal + 70% visual. Free recall was worse. After 15 years it was 60% and after 48 years it was 30% accurate.
CONCLUSION: recognition is better than recall + classmates rarely forgotten once recognition cues were given.
→ LTM is unlimited in capacity + duration is a lifetime
