long term memory Flashcards
three types of LTM
episodic
procedural
semantic
which are part of declarative memory (explicit)
episodic + semantic
which are part of non-declarative memory (implicit)
procedural
what is episodic memory
memory of specific personal events + experiences
what is semantic memory
memory of facts + general knowledge
what is procedural memory
performance + action
what is the strength of episodic memory influenced by
emotion + degree of coding
HERLITZ 1977
found women have better episodic memory than men
linked to verbal ability - better able to define detail of an event
which area of the brain is episodic memory thought to be in
right prefrontal cortex
which area of the brain is semantic memory thought to be in
left prefrontal cortex
procedural vs episodic
procedural= memories of motor skills/actions/muscle memories episodic= memories of life events
procedural memories are non-declarative, difficult to explain verbally
episodic memories are declarative, can be expressed verbally
reside in different areas of the brain
which area of the brain is procedural memory thought to be in
cerebellum + basal ganglia
which area of the brain is episodic memory thought to be in
right prefrontal cortex
which area of the brain is semantic memory thought to be in
left prefrontal cortex
Evidence to show procedural and episodic memory are stored separately
MILNER: case study HM able to learn to trace shape using mirror image and retain skill (Procedural), but have no conscious memory of doing the task (Episodic)
Evidence to show semantic and procedural memory is stored separately
FINKE: case study p.m., a cellist, with severe brain injury and amnesia still able to play and read music (Procedure) but could not recall musical facts (Semantic)
Semantic and procedural memory must work together
- language and speech
However FINKE suggest there is the dissociation and that they do not rely on each other.
Evidence to show semantic and episodic memory are stored separately
VICARI: case study CL had brain damage from operation, episodic memory impaired but still able to create and recall semantic memory
LTM PRAC APPS
HASSIBIS
Investigating whether there are different brain areas involved in episodic memory involving real and imagined experiences, + found that they do. This implies those who experience delusions/have difficulty distinguishing between reality and fantasy have suffered brain damage in a particular area and therefore we can treat/operate on those areas
